Passage 1??
  科學(xué)杰出之處就在于它能創(chuàng)造人為的可控之物,科學(xué)和工程學(xué)使我們能夠建造我們今天得以生活在其中的部分人工化了的環(huán)境,在這個(gè)環(huán)境里充滿(mǎn)了無(wú)數(shù)大橋、卡車(chē)、飛機(jī)、抗生素和基因變異物種。我們很有可能建造一個(gè)日益更加人為化,也因而漸漸更加可知的未來(lái)世界。?
有兩種局限性制約著預(yù)測(cè)能力的發(fā)展。首先,隨著科學(xué)和工程學(xué)所創(chuàng)造的東西越來(lái)越大,越來(lái)越復(fù)雜,這些東西本身很可能變得不可預(yù)測(cè)。例如, 大型軟件,隨著其自身的擴(kuò)展和完善,能發(fā)展成一個(gè)程度的自然物所具有的復(fù)雜性,且獲得一定能力,來(lái)干擾或以不可預(yù)測(cè)的方式進(jìn)行活動(dòng)。?
 It is in creating the artificial and controllable that science excels. Science and engineering have made it possible to construct the partially artificial surroundings we live in today, replete with huge bridges, trucks, airplanes, antibiotics and genetically altered species. We are likely to build an increasingly artificial, and hence increasingly knowable world.??
Two limitations may constrain the march of predictability. First, as the artifacts of science and engineering grow ever larger and more complex, they may themselves become unpredictable. For example, large pieces of software, as they are expanded and amended, can develop a degree of complexity reminiscent of natural objects, and they can and do believe in disturbing and unpredictable ways.??
  Passage 2??
  自從本世紀(jì)八十年代中期以來(lái),虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)就開(kāi)始強(qiáng)烈地吸引著公眾的興趣,人們戴著巨大的頭盔觀望鏡和布滿(mǎn)感應(yīng)器的手套。技術(shù)曾經(jīng)使人們沉浸于一個(gè)電腦主宰的世界之中; 然而,今后的十幾年間,將產(chǎn)生巨大的變化,從而使得戴著頭盔觀望鏡的賽百空間遨游者的形象十分時(shí)髦,就象戴著沉重的潛海頭盔的海底探險(xiǎn)者一樣。?
對(duì)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)而言,重要的是它所產(chǎn)生的什么樣的效果,而不是它是如何產(chǎn)生這些效果的。虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)能使人們感到自己好象處于一個(gè)他們從未到過(guò)的境界之中。這種境界似乎是計(jì)算機(jī)文藝創(chuàng)作出來(lái)的;也可能是從另一時(shí)間、空間再創(chuàng)造而成的。虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)通過(guò)同時(shí)刺激幾種感覺(jué),如視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)、觸覺(jué),并通過(guò)人對(duì)各種運(yùn)動(dòng)迅速作出反應(yīng)的反應(yīng),來(lái)展示形象的。???
  Passage 3??
  什么是賽百空間(cyberspace)?按約翰·帕利·巴洛的說(shuō)法,賽百空間可以最言簡(jiǎn)意賅地定義為“你利用電話進(jìn)行交談時(shí)所處的空間”。 當(dāng)然, 賽百空間之所云比打電話更廣泛。它包括數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的計(jì)算機(jī)用調(diào)制解調(diào)器通過(guò)電話系統(tǒng)相連形成的聯(lián)網(wǎng)商業(yè)服務(wù)系統(tǒng), 它接入當(dāng)?shù)馗咚傩畔⒕W(wǎng)絡(luò)、辦公電子郵件和國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)之中。它包括發(fā)展迅速的無(wú)線服務(wù)系統(tǒng):負(fù)責(zé)大量的手機(jī)信號(hào)與數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)奈⒉òl(fā)射塔;連珠似的運(yùn)行于地球同步軌道上的通訊衛(wèi)星;象怒蜂一樣穿梭往返于地球與太空之間的低空衛(wèi)星,它們把用線路聯(lián)絡(luò)顯得太遠(yuǎn)或花費(fèi)太多的人們聯(lián)原來(lái)的電纜線,利用光纜和高速轉(zhuǎn)換器建成的那種所謂的全方位服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)那樣。?
  Cyberspace, of course, is bigger than a telephone call. It encompasses the millions of personal computers connected by modems via the telephone system?? to commercial online services, as well as the millions more with high - speed links to local area networks, office E-mail systems and the Internet. It includes the rapidly expanding wireless services: microwave towers that carry great quantities of cellular phone and data traffic; communications satellites strung like beads in geosynchronous orbit; low - flying satellites that will soon crisscross the globe like angry bees connecting folks too far - flung or too much on the go to be fastened by wires. Someday even our television sets may he part of cyberspace, transformed into interactive teleputers" by so- called full- service networks like the ones several cable - TV companies are building along the old cable lines, using fiber optics arid high speed switches?
  Passage 4??
  世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織—英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為“WIPO—The World Intellectual Property Organization”?是根據(jù)1967年在斯德哥爾摩簽訂的公約而成立的,該公約于1970年生效,中國(guó)于1980年6月3日加入公約 世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織為一政府間組織,總部設(shè)在日內(nèi)瓦,它是聯(lián)合國(guó)世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織系統(tǒng)下的許多專(zhuān)門(mén)結(jié)構(gòu)之一,它負(fù)責(zé)通過(guò)國(guó)際間的合作促進(jìn)對(duì)全世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)包括兩個(gè)主要部分:工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)和版權(quán). 工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)主要是對(duì)發(fā)明﹑商標(biāo)和工業(yè)品外觀設(shè)計(jì)的保護(hù),以及制止不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng).前三項(xiàng)有一些共同點(diǎn).。因?yàn)閷?duì)發(fā)明制止不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)﹑商標(biāo)和工業(yè)品外觀的設(shè)計(jì)都是用專(zhuān)屬實(shí)施權(quán)的方式保護(hù)的(如專(zhuān)利權(quán)). 制止不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)同專(zhuān)屬權(quán)無(wú)關(guān)。而是反對(duì)違犯誠(chéng)實(shí)經(jīng)營(yíng)工商業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為。