商務英語培訓班總結(jié)商務報告的組成
今天我們來給大家介紹一下商務英語報告各構(gòu)成部分。
一般來說,商務英語報告的常見構(gòu)成部分有:摘要(Executive Summary)、標題(Title)、導言(Introduction/ Terms of Reference)、材料收集方法(Methodology/Proceedings)、調(diào)查結(jié)果(Findings)、結(jié)論(Conclusions)、建議(Recommendations)、附錄(Appendices)等。以下就各個部分的內(nèi)容及其寫作方法分別講解。
(一)摘要(Executive Summary)
一份正式且篇幅較長的報告通常在報告的前面加上摘要。摘要一般不超過一頁,是報告的導言、調(diào)查結(jié)果、結(jié)論和建議的內(nèi)容總結(jié)。這部分一般是在整篇報告寫好以后再寫。非正式或篇幅較短的報告則無需寫報告摘要。寫摘要時,應注意以下幾點:
? 盡量限制段落的數(shù)量,一般可用三段式:報告的目的、報告的調(diào)查結(jié)果和結(jié)論、報告的建議。
? 摘要寫作的時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時,因為報告已經(jīng)存在。如"This report shows..."屬于正確表達,而"This report will show..."則不妥。
? 報告摘要中無需引用具體數(shù)據(jù)??捎?by and large、the vast majority、only a few"等語言表達大概的數(shù)據(jù)或趨勢。
(二)標題(Title)
報告的標題應盡可能概括報告的內(nèi)容,因為它是整篇報告的信息濃縮,而且標題應該準確、客觀,不應像報刊文章標題那樣為了吸引讀者的注意力而別出心裁。此外,標題應該是名詞短語或動名詞短語。如以下幾例:"Report on Improving the Training Methods of HDC、Report on the Proposed Incentive Scheme、Report on the Adoption of Flex-time Working Systems"。
(三)導言(Introduction/ Terms of Reference)
在導言部分,扼要地說明一下報告的寫作背景和主旨。此外,還應該注明報告提交給何人、何時提交的。如果是事件調(diào)查報告應首先說明事件的經(jīng)過,包括事件發(fā)生的日期、時間、地點、情況敘述等。以下是導言部分寫作的常見句型:
? The report examines / explains...
? The purpose of this report is to... investigate / evaluate / study...
? The objective of this report is to... recommend / analyze / give...
? The aim of this report is to... feedback / estimate / assess...
? Enclosed is a report about...
(四)材料收集方法(Methodology / Proceedings)
報告的這部分應說明收集信息或資料的方法和步驟。在報告中注明提供這一信息可以增強報告的真實性和客觀性,尤其是意見調(diào)查報告。當然并不是所有的報告都需要收集資料,因此,并非每一種報告都需要提供這部分內(nèi)容。這部分內(nèi)容在整篇報告所占篇幅較短,可以寫成一個段落。以下是該部分寫作的常見句型:
? A sample of workers was individually asked for their opinions.
? A questionnaire was completed by those who were surveyed in this project.
? The information was mainly achieved with a number of telephone calls to manufacturers.
(五)調(diào)查結(jié)果(Findings)
報告的調(diào)查結(jié)果部分是報告建議的依據(jù),其內(nèi)容應當準確無誤,結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,語言流暢、銜接。這部分內(nèi)容的每一個段落都應當有一個明確的主題句,一般放在段首,這樣便于讀者攝取這部分的信息。以下是這部分主題句寫作的常見句型:
? The findings of the investigation indicate that...
? It was proposed / found / felt / discovered that...
? It was generally the case that...
? Most people thought / suggested that...
? A number of people mentioned that...
? Several changes were put forward.
? Several staff members expressed the view that...
若報告中需提供圖表統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)或描述行情走勢,撰寫人應當熟悉這方面寫作的常用句型,以下就是該方面寫作的一些典型句子結(jié)構(gòu):
? The table / chart / graph / diagram / figure / statistics shows / describes / illustrates that...
? As it can be seen from the table / chart / figure...
? It is clear / apparent from the table / chart / graph / diagram / figure / statistics that...
? The number of... increased / jumped / rose suddenly / rapidly / dramatically from...to...
? The number of...decreased / dropped / fell greatly / significantly sharply from...to...
? The number of...fluctuated slowly / slightly between...to...
? The number of... remained steady / stable (stayed the same) between...to...
? There was a (very) sudden / rapid / dramatic / significant increase / jump / rise in the number of...from...to...
? There was a (very) sharp / steep / steady / gradual / slow / slight decrease / drop / fall in the number of...from...to...
? The monthly profit / figures peaked in December at 10%.
? The monthly profit / figures reached a peak / a high (point) in December at 10%.
? The monthly profit / figures bottomed out in December at 10%.
? Sales witnessed a great rise / increase / drop / fall between...to...
(六)結(jié)論(Conclusions)
報告的結(jié)論部分是寫報告的人在報告調(diào)查結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上對調(diào)查結(jié)果進行總結(jié)和解釋。同一調(diào)查結(jié)果會因為撰寫者的不同而得出不同的結(jié)論,但這部分不應當包括報告前文中沒有提到的新的信息。
(七)建議(Recommendations)
建議往往是許多商務報告寫作的最重要部分。一份報告有效程度常常取決于報告中所提供的建議的質(zhì)量高低。建議部分主要內(nèi)容為報告撰寫人在經(jīng)過充分的論證后認為應當采取的措施或行動。報告人有時也會描述采取措施后可能出現(xiàn)的后果或情形。
(八)附錄(Appendices)
正式的商務報告為了增強報告的說服力或真實性往往會有一些附加材料,因其篇幅較長不宜放在報告當中,只能選擇放在附錄中。這部分內(nèi)容可能包括圖表統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)、實驗室報告、問卷調(diào)查等。當然,簡短報告若無此需要則不需增加附錄部分。