萊維特的天才在于，她發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過(guò)比較造父變星在天空中不同角度的大小，就可以計(jì)算出它們之間的相對(duì)位置。這也是第一次有人想出了一個(gè)計(jì)算浩瀚宇宙的實(shí)用方法。然而哈佛大學(xué)的天文學(xué)家威廉?H.皮克林雖擁有一流的天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡里想觀察，卻認(rèn)為月球上的黑影是由大群大群的、隨著季節(jié)遷徙的昆蟲(chóng)形成的~~~~
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magnitude
Cepheids
Leavitt
Cannon
smudge
We now know that Cepheids throb as they do because they are elderly stars that have moved past their "[-1-]," in the parlance of astronomers, and become red giants. The chemistry of red giants is a little weighty for our purposes here (it requires an appreciation for the properties of singly ionized helium atoms, among quite a lot else), but put simply it means that they burn their remaining fuel in a way that produces a very rhythmic, very reliable brightening and dimming. [---2---] They could be used as "standard candles"—a term she [-3-] and still in universal use. [---4---]
(Just to put these insights into perspective, it is perhaps worth noting that [---5---], the Harvard astronomer William H. Pickering, who could of course [-6-] a first-class telescope as often as he wanted, was developing his seminal theory that dark [-7-] on the Moon were caused by swarms of seasonally migrating insects.)
main sequence phase Leavitt's genius was to realize that by comparing the relative magnitudes of Cepheids at different points in the sky you could work out where they were in relation to each other. coined The method provided only relative distances, not absolute distances, but even so it was the first time that anyone had come up with a usable way to measure the large scale universe. at the time Leavitt and Cannon were inferring fundamental properties of the cosmos from dim smudges on photographic plates peer into patches
我們現(xiàn)在知道，造父變星之所以搏動(dòng)，是因?yàn)?-用天文學(xué)家的行話來(lái)說(shuō)--它們已經(jīng)走過(guò)"主序階段"，變成了紅巨星。紅巨星的化學(xué)過(guò)程有點(diǎn)兒難懂，已經(jīng)超出了本書(shū)的宗旨（它要求了解很多東西，其中之一就是單離子化的氦原子的性質(zhì)）。但是，簡(jiǎn)而言之，在燃燒剩余的燃料的過(guò)程中，它們產(chǎn)生了一種很有節(jié)奏、不停地一亮一暗的現(xiàn)象。萊維特的天才在于，她發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過(guò)比較造父變星在天空中不同角度的大小，就可以計(jì)算出它們之間的相對(duì)位置。它們可以被作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)燭光--這個(gè)名稱(chēng)也是她創(chuàng)造的，現(xiàn)在依然廣泛使用。用這種方法得到的只是相對(duì)距離，不是絕對(duì)距離。但是，即使這樣，這也是第一次有人想出了一個(gè)計(jì)算浩瀚宇宙的實(shí)用方法。 （為了合理評(píng)價(jià)這些深邃的見(jiàn)解，也許值得注意的是，當(dāng)萊維特和坎農(nóng)在根據(jù)照片上遠(yuǎn)方星星的模糊影子推定宇宙的基本特性的時(shí)候，哈佛大學(xué)的天文學(xué)家威廉?H.皮克林--他當(dāng)然能從一流的天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡里想觀察多少次就觀察多少次--卻在建立自己的理論，認(rèn)為月球上的黑影是由大群大群的、隨著季節(jié)遷徙的昆蟲(chóng)形成的。）