【TED】是一個會議的名稱，它是英文technology,entertainment, design三個單詞的首字母縮寫。它是社會各界精英交流的盛會，這里有當(dāng)代最杰出的思想家，這里有當(dāng)代最優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家，這里有迸發(fā)著最閃耀的思想火花，這里孕育著最光輝的夢想。

Mark Pagel
Using biological evolution as a template, Mark Pagel wonders how languages evolve.



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Hints：
evolve
visual theft
coordinate
sphere
exploit
utterly
scenarios
And language is the result. Language evolved to solve the crisis of visual theft. Language is a piece of social technology for enhancing the benefits of cooperation, for reaching agreements, for striking deals and for coordinating our activities. And you can see that, in a developing society that was beginning to acquire language, not having language would be a like a bird without wings. Just as wings open up this sphere of air for birds to exploit, language opened up the sphere of cooperation for humans to exploit. And we take this utterly for granted, because we're a species that is so at home with language, but you have to realize that even the simplest acts of exchange that we engage in are utterly dependent upon language. And to see why, consider two scenarios from early in our evolution.
語言就是產(chǎn)物。語言的進(jìn)化解決了觀察性竊取的危機。語言是社會技術(shù)，用于加強合作的益處、達(dá)成共識、買賣交易以及協(xié)調(diào)活動。你可以看到，處于發(fā)展中形態(tài)的社會剛剛開始習(xí)得語言，還沒有完全掌握，就像一個沒有翅膀的鳥兒。就像翅膀之于鳥兒，扇動空氣去探索天空；語言之于人類，開啟合作來探索未來。我們以為這是理所當(dāng)然，因為我們是純熟掌握語言的物種。但是你應(yīng)當(dāng)意識到，甚至我們最簡單的交換行為也完全依賴于語言。為了弄清為什么，請假想進(jìn)化早期的兩個場景。