萬物簡史:PART III CH 8愛因斯坦的宇宙（20）
來源：滬江聽寫酷
2012-01-06 07:45
凡有質(zhì)量的物體在宇宙的底墊上都能造成一個小小的凹坑。在某種意義上，引力并不存在；使行星和恒星運動的是空間和時間的變形。當(dāng)然，以下陷的底墊來作比喻，只能幫助我們理解到這種程度，因為還要包含時間的作用。愛因斯坦的廣義相對論提出了許多見解。但是也并非完美無缺~~~
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文中需聽寫單詞或詞組用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。請邊聽寫邊理解文意，這樣可以提高聽力準確度，并為訓(xùn)練聽譯打下基礎(chǔ)哦~~~
Hints:
reflexively
arbitrarily
counterbalance
Every object that has mass creates a little depression in the fabric of the cosmos. Thus the universe, as Dennis Overbye has put it, is "the ultimate sagging mattress." Gravity on this view is no longer [-1-] an outcome—"not a 'force' but a [-2-] of the warping of spacetime," in the words of the physicist Michio Kaku, who goes on: "[---3---]"
Of course the sagging mattress analogy can take us only so far because it doesn't [-4-] the effect of time. But then our brains can take us only so far because it is so [-5-] impossible to envision a dimension [-6-] three parts space to one part time, all interwoven like the threads in a plaid fabric. [---7---]
Among much else, Einstein's general theory of relativity suggested that the universe must be either expanding or contracting. But Einstein was not a cosmologist, and he accepted the prevailing wisdom that the universe was fixed and eternal. [---8---] Books on the history of science always forgive Einstein this lapse, but it was actually a fairly appalling piece of science and he knew it. He called it "the biggest blunder of my life."
?《萬物簡史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/
文中需聽寫單詞或詞組用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。請邊聽寫邊理解文意，這樣可以提高聽力準確度，并為訓(xùn)練聽譯打下基礎(chǔ)哦~~~
Hints:
reflexively
arbitrarily
counterbalance
Every object that has mass creates a little depression in the fabric of the cosmos. Thus the universe, as Dennis Overbye has put it, is "the ultimate sagging mattress." Gravity on this view is no longer [-1-] an outcome—"not a 'force' but a [-2-] of the warping of spacetime," in the words of the physicist Michio Kaku, who goes on: "[---3---]"
Of course the sagging mattress analogy can take us only so far because it doesn't [-4-] the effect of time. But then our brains can take us only so far because it is so [-5-] impossible to envision a dimension [-6-] three parts space to one part time, all interwoven like the threads in a plaid fabric. [---7---]
Among much else, Einstein's general theory of relativity suggested that the universe must be either expanding or contracting. But Einstein was not a cosmologist, and he accepted the prevailing wisdom that the universe was fixed and eternal. [---8---] Books on the history of science always forgive Einstein this lapse, but it was actually a fairly appalling piece of science and he knew it. He called it "the biggest blunder of my life."
so much a thing as
byproduct
In some sense, gravity does not exist, what moves the planets and stars is the distortion of space and time.
incorporate
nearly
comprising
At all events, I think we can agree that this was an awfully big thought for a young man staring out the window of a patent office in the capital of Switzerland.
More or less reflexively, he dropped into his equations something called the cosmological constant, which arbitrarily counterbalanced the effects of gravity, serving as a kind of mathematical pause button.
凡有質(zhì)量的物體在宇宙的底墊上都能造成一個小小的凹坑。因此，正如丹尼斯?奧弗比說的，宇宙是個"最終的下陷底墊"。從這個觀點來看，引力與其說是一種東西，不如說是一種結(jié)果--用物理學(xué)家米奇奧?卡庫的話來說：“不是一種‘力'，而是時空彎曲的一件副產(chǎn)品?！笨◣旖又终f：“在某種意義上，引力并不存在；使行星和恒星運動的是空間和時間的變形?！?
當(dāng)然，以下陷的底墊來作比喻，只能幫助我們理解到這種程度，因為沒有包含時間的作用。話雖這么說，其實我們的大腦也只能想像到這個地步。若要想像空間和時間以3∶1的比例像線織成一塊格子地墊那樣織成一份時空，這幾乎是不可能的。無論如何，我想我們會一致認為，對于一位凝視著瑞士首都專利局窗外的年輕人來說，這確實是個了不起的見解。
愛因斯坦的廣義相對論提出了許多見解。其中，他認為，宇宙心總是或者膨脹或者收縮的。但是，愛因斯坦不是一位宇宙學(xué)家，他接受了流行的看法，即宇宙是固定的，永恒的。多少出于本能，他在自己的等式里加進了他所謂的宇宙常數(shù)。他把它作為一種數(shù)學(xué)暫停鍵，武斷地以此來抵消引力的作用?？茖W(xué)史書總是原諒愛因斯坦的這個失誤，但這其實是科學(xué)上一件很可怕的事。他把它稱之為"我一生中所犯的最大錯誤"。
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