Gossip is healthy because it helps calm you down and is important in maintaining social order, a new study claims.
一項新研究稱,散播流言有益健康,因為散播流言能讓人平靜下來,對于維持社會秩序也很重要。

Idle chatter in the workplace or over a coffee is often viewed as a damaging habit which spreads salacious rumours and harms people's reputations.
在工作場所閑聊或邊喝咖啡邊聊天常被視為有害的習慣,因為它會傳播下流的謠言,損害人們的名譽。

But new research suggests gossip could actually lower stress and help people overcome the frustration of seeing someone doing something wrong and getting away with it.
然而新研究顯示,散播流言其實能減輕壓力,幫助人們克服看到有人做錯事卻沒受懲罰的挫敗感。

Psychologists from the University of California, Berkeley, found that volunteers' heart rates rose when they observed someone misbehaving, but that this stopped when they were allowed to discuss what they had seen with others
.
來自加利福尼亞大學伯克利分校的心理學家發(fā)現,當參加研究的志愿者看到某些人行為不端時心跳會加速,但當他們可以和別人談論自己所看到的事情時心跳又會恢復正常。

The study, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, focused on "prosocial" gossip which helps spread information about dishonest people rather than voyeuristic chatter about celebrities' love lives, the researchers said.
該研究發(fā)表在《個性與社會心理學雜志》上。研究者稱,這一研究關注的是幫助散播有關不正直的人的信息的“親社會”流言,而非談論名人感情生活的窺淫狂式的流言。

In a trial designed to determine how strong our urge is to spread gossip, some participants even said they would spend money in order to send a note warning others about people they had seen cheating in a trust exercise.
為了明確了解我們散播流言的欲望有多強烈,研究人員開展了一個試驗,試驗中有些參與者甚至表示,會花錢寄信警告別人要提防那個自己發(fā)現在信任練習中作弊的人。

Prof Robb Willer, one of the researchers, said: "Spreading information about the person whom they had seen behave badly tended to make people feel better, quieting the frustration that drove their gossip."
其中一位研究人員羅伯 維勒教授說:“散播有關行為不端的人的信息會讓人們感覺好一些,撫平那種促使他們去散播流言的挫敗感。”

The study also showed that passing on rumours could help us monitor people who behave badly and prevent each other from being exploited by malicious individuals, Prof Willer added.
維勒教授補充說,研究還顯示,散播流言能幫助人們監(jiān)督那些行為不端的人,并防止大家受到惡人的利用。

In an online trust game where players could lower their chances of winning by warning others about cheaters, the threat of being the subject of bad gossip encouraged people to play more fairly.
在一個網上信任游戲中,如果玩家向他人告發(fā)作弊者,作弊者獲勝的機會就會降低,害怕成為不利流言的主角的威脅鼓勵人們更公平地玩游戲。

Prof Willer said: "Gossip gets a bad rap, but we're finding evidence that it plays a critical role in the maintenance of social order."
維勒教授說:“盡管人們對流言怨聲很多,但我們找到了證據證明它在維持社會秩序方面也發(fā)揮著重要的作用。”

小編注:

Ⅰ. 文中的“rumour”翻譯為流言的原因:

1. rumour本身有這個意思;

2. 文章中出現了“gossip”,為了文章前后的映襯和統(tǒng)一;

3. 流言與謠言有本質的區(qū)別:謠言有故意捏造、惡意攻擊、有蠱惑人心的性質,而流言一般不是故意去傷害某人。某些流言具有消極的作用,甚至引起社會混亂,但它在動機和目的上與謠言是有區(qū)別的。故意散布的“流言蜚語”則屬謠言的范疇。本文意在強調流言的積極作用,因此不能譯為充滿惡意的“謠言”。

Ⅱ. 《個性與社會心理學雜志》(來自維基百科)

《個性與社會心理學雜志》(英語:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,JPSP),美國心理學會出版的一份心理學學術月刊,被認為是社會心理學和人格心理學領域的頂級刊物,重點是實證研究報告,不過也發(fā)表專業(yè)化的理論、方法以及評論文章。

這份雜志分為三個獨立的部分:態(tài)度與社會認知,人際關系與群體動力學,和人格過程與個體差異,分別有不同的編輯。

典型的《個性與社會心理學雜志》論文包括長篇的導論和文獻評論,然后是一些探索理論的不同方面或測試多個相互競爭的假設的相關研究。一些研究人員認為多次實驗的要求是一個沉重的負擔,拖延出版了有價值作品的發(fā)表,但是這一要求有助于維護這樣的印象:發(fā)表在《個性與社會心理學雜志》上的論文已經經過了徹底的審查,不太可能出現I型錯誤或未探測的混亂。