如果你需要說(shuō)明19世紀(jì)的美國(guó)是個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)之鄉(xiāng)的理念，那么你很難再找到像阿爾伯特?邁克爾遜這樣的例子。貧困地他總是去候機(jī)會(huì)見(jiàn)總統(tǒng)的面，結(jié)果贏得了上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，成為了大學(xué)教授。研究一種名叫以太漂移的東西~~~

?《萬(wàn)物簡(jiǎn)史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/

書本的朗讀語(yǔ)音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好學(xué)著模仿哦~~~??！
因?yàn)樵鵀槊绹?guó)人所寫,單詞采用美式拼法,不抄全文，也不用寫序號(hào)。答完一空換行繼續(xù)下一空作答。文中需聽寫單詞或詞組用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。請(qǐng)邊聽寫邊理解文意，根據(jù)下面的TIPS訓(xùn)練聽寫。這樣可以提高聽力準(zhǔn)確度，并為訓(xùn)練聽譯打下基礎(chǔ)哦~~~

TIPS聽寫訓(xùn)練點(diǎn)：?jiǎn)卧~拼寫，時(shí)態(tài)，單復(fù)數(shù)，連讀，長(zhǎng)難句（請(qǐng)邊聽邊用符號(hào)先記下內(nèi)容，然后自己回頭組織語(yǔ)句，最后校對(duì)，不要逐字逐句聽寫）



Hints:
Washington, D.C.
loiter
President Ulysses S. Grant
plow

If you needed to [-1-] the idea of 19th-century America as a land of opportunity, you could hardly improve on the life of Albert Michelson. Born in 1852 on the German–Polish border to a family of poor Jewish merchants, he came to the United States with his family as an infant and grew up in a mining camp in California's gold rush country, where his father ran a dry goods business. [---2---] (It was clearly a more innocent age.) In the course of these walks, Michelson so ingratiated himself to the President that Grant agreed to [-3-] for him a free place at the U.S. Naval Academy. It was there that Michelson learned his physics.

Ten years later, by now a professor at the Case School in Cleveland, Michelson became interested in trying to measure something called the ether drift—[---4---] One of the predictions of Newtonian physics was that the speed of light as it pushed through the ether should vary [-5-] an observer depending on whether the observer was moving toward the source of light or away from it, but no one had figured out a way to measure this. [---6---]



illustrate Too poor to pay for college, he traveled to Washington, D.C., and took to loitering by the front door of the White House so that he could fall in beside President Ulysses S. Grant when the President emerged for his daily constitutional. secure a kind of head wind produced by moving objects as they plowed through space. with respect to It occurred to Michelson that for half the year the Earth is traveling toward the Sun and for half the year it is moving away from it, and he reasoned that if you took careful enough measurements at opposite seasons and compared light's travel time between the two, you would have your answer.
如果你需要說(shuō)明19世紀(jì)的美國(guó)是個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)之鄉(xiāng)的理念，那么你很難再找到像阿爾伯特?邁克爾遜這樣的例子。他1852年生于德國(guó)和波蘭邊境地區(qū)的一個(gè)貧苦的猶太商人家庭，小時(shí)候隨家人來(lái)到美國(guó)，在加利福尼亞州一個(gè)淘金熱地區(qū)的礦工村里長(zhǎng)大。他的父親在那里做干貨生意。家里太窮，他上不起大學(xué)，便來(lái)到首都華盛頓，在白宮的正門口游來(lái)晃去，希望能在尤利塞斯?S.格蘭特每天出來(lái)散步時(shí)碰上這位總統(tǒng)。（那顯然是個(gè)比較樸實(shí)的年代。）在這樣散步的過(guò)程中，邁克爾遜深深博得了總統(tǒng)的歡心，格蘭特竟然答應(yīng)免費(fèi)送他去美國(guó)海軍學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。就是在那里，邁克爾遜攻讀了物理學(xué)。 　　10年以后，邁克爾遜已經(jīng)是克利夫蘭凱斯學(xué)校的一名教授，開始有興趣測(cè)量一種名叫以太漂移的東西--運(yùn)動(dòng)物體穿越空間所產(chǎn)生的一種頂頭風(fēng)。牛頓物理學(xué)的預(yù)言之一是，在觀察者看來(lái)，光在穿越以太過(guò)程中的速度是不一樣的，取決于觀察者是朝著還是逆著光源的方向移動(dòng)。但誰(shuí)也想不出對(duì)此進(jìn)行測(cè)量的方法。邁克爾遜突然想到，地球有半年時(shí)間是朝著太陽(yáng)的方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，有半年時(shí)間是逆著太陽(yáng)的方向運(yùn)動(dòng)的。他認(rèn)為，只要在相對(duì)的季節(jié)里進(jìn)行仔細(xì)測(cè)量，把兩者之間光的運(yùn)動(dòng)速度進(jìn)行比較，就能找到答案。