1904年春，盧瑟福來到倫敦給英國皇家科學(xué)研究所開了一個講座。盧瑟福的發(fā)現(xiàn)推翻了開爾文的計算結(jié)果，但是開爾文并不承認。同樣，盧瑟福成果的認同度也并不一致。科學(xué)上了正軌卻依舊路漫漫~~~

?《萬物簡史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/

書本的朗讀語音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好學(xué)著模仿哦~~~?。?
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Hints:
powdery
periwigged
eon
robustness
roll-your-sleeves-up
Victorians
Rutherford
Kelvin
astute

In the spring of 1904, Rutherford traveled to London to give a lecture at the Royal Institution—the august organization founded by Count von Rumford only 105 years before, [---1---] Rutherford was there to talk about his new disintegration theory of radioactivity, as part of which he brought out his piece of pitchblende. Tactfully—for the [-2-] Kelvin was present, if not always fully awake—[---3---] Rutherford had found that other source. Thanks to radioactivity the Earth could be—and self-evidently was—much older than the 24 million years Kelvin's calculations allowed.

Kelvin beamed at Rutherford's respectful presentation, but was in fact unmoved. [---4---]—far greater than his work on thermodynamics.

As with most scientific revolutions, Rutherford's new findings [-5-]. John Joly of Dublin strenuously [-6-] the 1930s that the Earth was no more than 89 million years old, and was stopped only then by his own death. [---7---] But even with radiometric dating, as decay measurements became known, it would be decades before we got within a billion years or so of Earth's actual age. [---8---]



though that powdery and periwigged age now seemed a distant eon compared with the roll-your-sleeves-up robustness of the late Victorians. aging Rutherford noted that Kelvin himself had suggested that the discovery of some other source of heat would throw his calculations out. He never accepted the revised figures and to his dying day believed his work on the age of the Earth his most astute and important contribution to science were not universally accepted insisted well into Others began to worry that Rutherford had now given them too much time. Science was on the right track, but still way out.
1904年春，盧瑟福來到倫敦給英國皇家科學(xué)研究所開了一個講座--該研究所是倫福德伯爵創(chuàng)建的，只有150年歷史，雖然在那些卷起袖子準備大干一場的維多利亞時代末期的人看來，那個搽白粉、戴假發(fā)的時代已經(jīng)顯得那么遙遠。盧瑟福準備講的是關(guān)于他新發(fā)現(xiàn)的放射現(xiàn)象的蛻變理論；作為講課內(nèi)容的一部分，他拿出了那塊瀝青鈾礦石。盧瑟福很機靈地指出--因為年邁的開爾文在場，雖然不總是全醒著--開爾文本人曾經(jīng)說過，要是發(fā)現(xiàn)某種別的熱源，他的計算結(jié)果會被推翻。盧瑟福已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)那種別的熱源。多虧了放射現(xiàn)象，可以算出地球很可能--不言而喻就是--要比開爾文最終計算出的結(jié)果2400萬年古老得多。 聽到盧瑟福懷著敬意的陳述，開爾文面露喜色，但實際上無動于衷。他拒不接受那個修改的數(shù)字，直到臨終那天還認為自己算出的地球年齡是對科學(xué)最有眼光、最重要的貢獻--要比他在熱力學(xué)方面的成果重要得多。 　　與大多數(shù)科學(xué)革命一樣，盧瑟福的新發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有受到普遍歡迎。都柏林的約翰?喬利到20世紀30年代還竭力認為地球的年齡不超過8900萬年，堅持到死也沒有改變。別的人開始擔(dān)心，盧瑟福現(xiàn)在說的時間是不是太長了點。但是，即使利用放射性測定年代法，即后來所謂的衰變計算法，也要等幾十年以后我們才得出地球的真正年齡大約是在10億年以內(nèi)。科學(xué)已經(jīng)走上正軌，但仍然任重而道遠。