放射性元素的發(fā)現(xiàn)源自一次意外——1896年，亨利?貝克勒爾在巴黎不慎把一包鈾鹽忘在抽屜里包著的感光板上。過一些時(shí)候以后，當(dāng)他取出感光板的時(shí)候，他吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)鈾鹽在上面燒了個印子，猶如感光板曝過了光。鈾鹽在釋放某種射線。
考慮到這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要性，貝克勒爾干了一件很古怪的事：他把這事兒交給一名研究生來調(diào)查。那名研究生就是居里夫人~~~

?《萬物簡史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/



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Hints:
Einstein
exceedingly
Marie Curie



The 19th century held one last great surprise for chemists. It began in 1896 when Henri Becquerel in Paris carelessly left a packet of uranium salts on a wrapped photographic plate in a drawer. [---1---] The salts were emitting rays of some sort.

Considering the importance of what he had found, Becquerel did a very strange thing: [---2---] Fortunately the student was a recent émigré from Poland named Marie Curie. Working with her new husband, Pierre, Curie found that certain kinds of rocks [-3-], yet without diminishing in size or changing in any detectable way. What she and her husband couldn't know—[---4---]—was that the rocks were converting mass into energy [-5-]. Marie Curie dubbed the effect "radioactivity." In the process of their work, the Curies also found two new elements—polonium, which they named after her native country, and radium. In 1903 the Curies and Becquerel [-6-] the Nobel Prize in physics. ([---7---])



When he took the plate out some time later, he was surprised to discover that the salts had burned an impression in it, just as if the plate had been exposed to light. he turned the matter over to a graduate student for investigation. poured out constant and extraordinary amounts of energy what no one could know until Einstein explained things the following decade in an exceedingly efficient way were jointly awarded Marie Curie would win a second prize, in chemistry, in 1911, the only person to win in both chemistry and physics.
19世紀(jì)給了化學(xué)家們最后一個重要的驚喜。這件事始于1896年。亨利?貝克勒爾在巴黎不慎把一包鈾鹽忘在抽屜里包著的感光板上。過一些時(shí)候以后，當(dāng)他取出感光板的時(shí)候，他吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)鈾鹽在上面燒了個印子，猶如感光板曝過了光。鈾鹽在釋放某種射線。 　　考慮到這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要性，貝克勒爾干了一件很古怪的事：他把這事兒交給一名研究生來調(diào)查。說來運(yùn)氣，這位學(xué)生恰好是一位新來的波蘭移民，名叫瑪麗?居里。居里和她的新丈夫皮埃爾合作，發(fā)現(xiàn)有的巖石源源不斷地釋放出大量能量，而體積又沒有變小，也沒有發(fā)生可以測到的變化。她和她的丈夫不可能知道的是--下個世紀(jì)愛因斯坦作出解釋之前誰也不可能知道的是--巖石在極其有效地把質(zhì)量轉(zhuǎn)變成能量。瑪麗?居里把它稱之為"放射作用"。在合作過程中，居里夫婦還發(fā)現(xiàn)兩種新的元素--釙和鈾。釙以她的祖國波蘭命名。1903年，居里夫婦和貝克勒爾一起獲得了諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎。（1911年，瑪麗?居里又獲得了諾貝爾化學(xué)獎；她是既獲化學(xué)獎又獲物理學(xué)獎的惟一一人。）