人教新課標(biāo)必修五:unit4 核心詞匯詳解
vt. 保衛(wèi);防護(hù);防守
She had to defend herself against the guard dog. 她不得不防備看門(mén)狗咬她。
辯護(hù);辯解 ;守衛(wèi);防御
He's better at defending than attacking. 他的防守優(yōu)于進(jìn)攻。 The accused man had a lawyer to defend him. 被告有一律師為他辯護(hù)。
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】 defend against 保衛(wèi); 抵抗 defend from 保護(hù), 保衛(wèi)(使不受傷害)
【參考詞匯】 defend /guard /protect /preserve 都含“保護(hù)”、“使安全”的意思。
defend指“保衛(wèi)”、“防御”, 應(yīng)用范圍很廣, 對(duì)象可以是具體的, 也可以是抽象的, 用于defend sb. against / from harm結(jié)構(gòu)。如: defend oneself against enemy 防御敵人。
guard 指“注意觀察、戒備, 以免受可能的攻擊或傷害”, 如: guard a coastline 守衛(wèi)海岸線。
protect 指“保護(hù)。..以免遭受危險(xiǎn)或傷害等”, 常用protect sb. from sth./against sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。如: protect the children from harm 保護(hù)兒童免受傷害。
preserve 指“防護(hù)、保存。..免被分解或腐爛”, 如: Salt preserves food from decay. 鹽能防止食物腐爛。
secure指確保不會(huì)發(fā)生意外等如secure oneself against/from danger使自己免于危險(xiǎn)。
By strengthening the river banks, the city secured itself against flood. 由于加強(qiáng)了河堤, 該城可確保免受水災(zāi)。
adj. 正常的;常態(tài)的;一般的
The normal price of a ticket if $230! 一張票的正常價(jià)格是230英鎊。
above [below] normal 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以上[下] return to normal 恢復(fù)正常
The rain raised the river two meters above normal. 雨水使得這條河水位超出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)兩米。
智力正常的;身心健全的 a normal child
【參考詞匯】
normal /ordinary /regular 都含“正常的”、“正規(guī)的” 、“普通的”的意思。
normal指“正常的”、“正規(guī)的”、“常態(tài)的”, 如: the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常體溫。
ordinary強(qiáng)調(diào)“平常的”、“平淡無(wú)奇的”, 常指人或事物不特殊。 如:His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不過(guò)是面包和牛奶。an ordinary day's work 日常工作。
regular 指“有規(guī)律的”、“正規(guī)的”、“定期的”, 如: He kept regular hours. 他過(guò)著有規(guī)律的生活。
common強(qiáng)調(diào)“常見(jiàn)的”、“ 不足為奇的”, 如:Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常見(jiàn)。common knowledge/sense 常識(shí)
general意為“普遍的”、“一般的”, 如:This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 這本書(shū)是為一般讀者寫(xiě)的, 不是為專(zhuān)家寫(xiě)的。
10.注意幾個(gè)表否定的副詞
▲seldom adv. 不常,很少
The children are seldom ill. 這些孩子很少生病。Opportunity seldom knocks twice.機(jī)不可失,時(shí)不再來(lái)。
▲barely adv. 貧乏地;剛剛
They had barely time to catch the plane. 他們差點(diǎn)沒(méi)來(lái)得及趕上飛機(jī)。
The committee had barely entered into the matter when he felt dizzy. 委員會(huì)剛開(kāi)始討論此事,他就感到頭暈了。
He had barely enough money to buy food. 他僅有剛夠買(mǎi)食物的錢(qián)。
▲hardly adv. 幾乎不;簡(jiǎn)直不
This is hardly the time to discuss such matters. 在現(xiàn)在討論這事根本不合適。
It was so dark that I could hardly see. 天那么黑,我簡(jiǎn)直看不見(jiàn)了。
I can hardly ask him directly for more money. 我絕不能直接向他多要錢(qián)。
He hardly ever eats meat. 他從來(lái)不吃肉。 Peter is hardly ever late. 瑪麗幾乎從不遲到。
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】 hardly any 幾乎沒(méi)有 hardly ever 很少
▲scarcely adv. 不足地,不充分地, 幾乎沒(méi)有
There is scarcely enough food. 幾乎沒(méi)有足夠的食物。
There was scarcely anything mentioned about that contract. 關(guān)于那份合同幾乎什么也沒(méi)提到。
…scarcely ….when/before…剛…一。..就。.. (=…h(huán)ardly…when…= …no sooner…than….)
▲narrowly adv. 僅僅;勉強(qiáng); 恰好
One car narrowly missed hitting the other one. 一輛車(chē)差點(diǎn)兒和另一輛相撞。
The boy narrowly escaped being drowned. 那個(gè)男孩差一點(diǎn)被淹死。
▲nearly adv. 幾乎,差不多
The job's nearly finished. 這工作差不多完成了。 She nearly died. 她差點(diǎn)兒死了。
Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time.
幾乎每個(gè)人都參加一年一度'最佳花園賽',但喬每次都奪魁。
I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. 我朝下一望看到一個(gè)警察時(shí),差上點(diǎn)從梯子上掉下來(lái)
▲rarely adv. 難得,很少
She is old and rarely goes out. 她年紀(jì)大了,很少外出。
He rarely comes here anymore. 現(xiàn)在他難得來(lái)這兒。
Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. `大本鐘'很少出差錯(cuò)。
Peter is rarely / seldom late. 彼得不常遲到。;彼得很少遲到。
te adj. 準(zhǔn)確的;精確的 accurately adv. accurateness n.
an accurate answer 準(zhǔn)確的答案
Is this watch accurate? 這只表準(zhǔn)嗎?
【參考詞匯】
accurate /correct /exact 均含“正確的”意思。
accurate 表示“準(zhǔn)確的”,精確的”,指“通過(guò)努力, 使事情達(dá)到正確”, 指某人或某事不僅不出錯(cuò),而且與事實(shí)無(wú)出入,強(qiáng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)確性 如: She gave an accurate account of the accident. 她對(duì)事故做了準(zhǔn)確的描述。
correct 為一般用語(yǔ), 指“正確的”, 指某人或某事合乎事實(shí)或公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或規(guī)則,沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤
如: He gave correct answers to the questions. 他對(duì)這些問(wèn)題提出了正確的答案。 correct vt. 改正;糾正 Please correct this mistake. 請(qǐng)改正這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
exact 表示“確切的”,“精確無(wú)誤的”,指“與事實(shí)完全相符”, 語(yǔ)氣較accurate強(qiáng),指某人或某事數(shù)量或質(zhì)量完全符合事實(shí)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而且在細(xì)致末節(jié)上也絲毫不差。如: His answer is quite exact. 他的回答完全正確。
The exact date of the event has escaped me. 我記不起這起事件的確切日期了。
proper含有生來(lái)就具備適宜性質(zhì)的含義,還表示某物具有它應(yīng)當(dāng)具備的性質(zhì)。如:do sth. the proper way
以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞阶瞿呈?/p>
Appropriate“正確的;適當(dāng)?shù)摹?,指適合于特殊的人及場(chǎng)合,地位等。強(qiáng)調(diào)自然具備適宜的性質(zhì)。如: an appropriate example 適當(dāng)?shù)睦?/p>
fit意為某人或某物在目的上用途上適合。如:Your clothes fit well. 你的衣服很合身。
The trousers don't fit him, they are too small. 這條褲子他穿不合身,太小了。
This coat's a beautiful fit to you. 這件外衣對(duì)你非常合身。He runs to keep fit. 他跑步為了保持健康。
suitable意味著適合某種情況。如:This toy is not suitable for young children. 這個(gè)玩具不適合小小孩玩。
This wine is not suitable to my taste. 這酒不合我的胃口。
e vt., vi. Approved—approving 批準(zhǔn);認(rèn)可;通過(guò) [反意詞disapprove]
approve 屬常用詞, 表示“官方或正式批準(zhǔn)”, 用于上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí), 長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩, 如: My father approved my going to the border regions. 我父親同意我去邊區(qū)。
My parents don't approve of me smoking cigarettes. 我的父母不準(zhǔn)許我吸煙。
The resolution was approved 82 to 16 with 18 abstentions. 決議以八十二票對(duì)十六票通過(guò),十八票棄權(quán)。
The mayoress approved the new building plans. 女市長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)了新建筑計(jì)劃。
(常與of連用)贊成,贊同 I don't approve of wasting time. 我不贊成浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
I don't approve of smoking. 我不贊成抽煙。
Her father will never approve of her marriage to you. 他父親永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)同意她和你結(jié)婚。
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