一、前言

在上篇文章中，我們分析了對(duì)單邊結(jié)構(gòu)文章做淡化模板痕跡處理的方法。在這篇文章中，將著重分析如何消除雙邊結(jié)構(gòu)的模板痕跡。眾所周知，雙邊結(jié)構(gòu)主要有兩個(gè)方面的特征：考題文字中的觀點(diǎn)雙向和考生對(duì)觀點(diǎn)支持角度的雙邊討論，但最好不要模棱兩可，應(yīng)該有明確的單一指向性的觀點(diǎn)傾向。

同樣地，對(duì)于判斷作文的結(jié)構(gòu)類型，應(yīng)該不是大的問題，我們關(guān)心的是，考生太過依賴所謂的模板，而使得文章沒有靈活度，否則，期望通過所謂捷徑來快速取得理想的分?jǐn)?shù)往往會(huì)適得其反。

本文中，將主要通過分析雙邊結(jié)構(gòu)類型作文中比較常見的話題，為考生分析如何淡化寫作中的模板痕跡，使文章更為靈活。

二、分析

真題鏈接：In some countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience, important for learning and taking responsibility. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

以上是劍橋中的考試真題，相信大家都已經(jīng)非常熟悉了。我們就一起結(jié)合此題，對(duì)雙邊結(jié)構(gòu)的整體文章結(jié)構(gòu)和遣詞造句做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)比。

1. 引言段

引言段是通篇作文的開篇之作，對(duì)于它的寫法多種多樣。但是無論怎樣書寫，切忌出現(xiàn)以下模式性的語句樣式：

模板語言：

Nowadays, the discussion about ……is a very controversial one. Those who criticize……. argue that……, but people who advocate……, on the other hand, maintain that……

這樣的模板相信大家不會(huì)陌生，它曾經(jīng)受到無數(shù)考生的青睞。但是我們說過，這樣過于機(jī)械的語言，很難體現(xiàn)出考生對(duì)考題文字的理解，更為糟糕的是，你的開頭有可能和無數(shù)人是重復(fù)的！

下面我們就做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)比：

非模板語言：

No matter in which country, children are, without any exception, regarded as the protected in society, not to mention making them involved in any forms of paid-work（調(diào)用背景知識(shí)，引出話題）.The necessity of allowing them to make money with their own hands is indeed worth discussing（結(jié)合對(duì)考題文字的統(tǒng)一轉(zhuǎn)換，自然流露雙邊討論傾向）

2. 主體段

模板語言：

1. The benefits of…… can be perceived in many aspects.

In the first place, 分論點(diǎn)一. For instance, 例證 / 語言論證。In the second place, 分論點(diǎn)二. 論證.

2. However, ……h(huán)as also given rise to a lot of problems.

For one thing,……For another……, Finally,……

在傳統(tǒng)的模板里，雙邊結(jié)構(gòu)的主體段只是簡(jiǎn)單地分段論證兩方面的觀點(diǎn)，雖然將兩種對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)展現(xiàn)的非常清晰，但是也難免落入模式化的俗套。

做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)比：

非模板語言：

a. 讓步分析

Admittedly, hardship and bitterness of life could drive people to become mature. Under working pressure, children think about finishing their tasks before the deadline instead of concerning how to kill their seemingly limitless free time. Work may be the only priority of their life. It is fairly different between taking a dollar from their parents and earning one by themselves. Only the tough reality can force them to get rid of selfishness and dependence on their parents, which is exactly one of the most urgently needed cures in parental education.

雙邊結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)就是雙邊論證兩種觀點(diǎn)，在這篇文章里可以先讓步論證一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，這樣可以為后一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的論證提供很好的對(duì)比。

b. 轉(zhuǎn)折過渡+提出觀點(diǎn)

However, everything is mixed blessing. Employing children to work should be viewed as a harsh treatment and abuse to them. Kids, after all, unlike adults, are immature both physically and psychologically. They are extremely vulnerable to both occupational hazards and social evils. More importantly, children are at the golden age for learning not only due to their brain structure but also their curiosity and desire for knowledge. It goes without saying that the silly action permitting children to work for financial reasons is ridiculous.

雙邊結(jié)構(gòu)的第二段要論述對(duì)立面的觀點(diǎn)，但是不同于上一段的是，此段不僅要充分的客觀陳述一種觀點(diǎn)同時(shí)還要帶有觀點(diǎn)傾向，因?yàn)橐瓿晌恼碌牡诙€(gè)任務(wù)---提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。筆者認(rèn)為這樣的觀點(diǎn)提法比較自然，不需要另起一段提出而顯得比較呆板。

3. 結(jié)尾段

模板語言：

In the final analysis, I concede that to some extent whether the ultimate effect of phenomena is good or not, one thing is certain that phenomenon in itself is neither good nor bad. And it is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to society. I am convinced that___________.

做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)比：

非模板語言：

In conclusion, although there lies various excuses for letting the young children work for salary, it is pointless that this way could benefit them in terms of accumulating work experience and learning the meaning of responsibility. （自然流露觀點(diǎn)傾向）

作為雙邊結(jié)構(gòu)作文的結(jié)尾，需要總結(jié)全文，即主體段兩段的大意，同時(shí)要結(jié)合題目本身的特點(diǎn)提出鮮明的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。

三、總結(jié)

和上篇文章一樣，建議各位考生：不要盲目追求所謂模板，要注重靈活度。筆者認(rèn)為，中國(guó)考生寫作得分低，除了語法這個(gè)大問題以外，其實(shí)一味背誦模板甚至隨處套用所謂“萬能模板”是丟分的一大原因。寫作的最高境界就是把各種連接化于無形，實(shí)現(xiàn)語義的自然銜接?？忌仨毟鶕?jù)考題的要求，調(diào)用自己原有的語言配上正確的語法，使作文具有鮮明的個(gè)人特色，侃侃而談。在考場(chǎng)中，拉近與考官的距離而不是設(shè)置一道冷冰冰的“模板墻”。