2011年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試

Reading Comprehension閱讀匯總
答案&解析

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.
A) sticks to them in their daily life
B) makes them known to others
C) understands their true values
D)sees that others also follow them
【答案】A) sticks to them in their daily life
【解析】第一題的答案就在全文第一句。關(guān)鍵詞是not only…. But also…. ，關(guān)鍵句是The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. 這里的live up to 和 選項(xiàng)里的 stick to 屬于同義替換。

2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?
A) It helps to create team spirit
B) It facilitates communication
C) It is the basis of mutual trust
D) It inspires mutual respect
【答案】C) It is the basis of mutual trust
【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是personal and professional，關(guān)鍵句是Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.
結(jié)合緊接著的問句，我們很容易鎖定trust這個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take？
A. To ensure we make responsible choices.
B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.
C. so that we don’t break any rules.
D. so that we don’t run into trouble.
【答案】A. To ensure we make responsible choices.
【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是identify the risks，關(guān)鍵句是Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. 所以答案很明顯是A。

4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______?
A. it has caused no harm.
B. it is claimed to be unintentional.
C. it has gone unnoticed.
D. it is committed with good intentions.
【答案】B. it is claimed to be unintentional.
【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是misconduct，關(guān)鍵句是But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. 和原文意義高度一致的，就是這個(gè)unintentional。因此答案是：B. it is claimed to be unintentional.

5. What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?
A. Avoid making excuses.
B. Listen to other people’s advice.
C. Make his intensions public.
D. Have others watch over his shoulder.
【答案】A. Avoid making excuses.
【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是fool oneself，關(guān)鍵句是To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test這里的watch out for 和 選項(xiàng)里的avoid屬于同義替換。所以答案是A。

6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______.
A. will often become more cautious
B. are usually very aggressive
C. value immediate benefits most.
D. may lose everything in the end
【答案】C. value immediate benefits most.
【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是regret later，關(guān)鍵句是Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me")。很明顯，選項(xiàng) value immediate benefits most 是正確答案。這里的value 和 focus on 屬于同義替換。

7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.
A) pay more dearly
B) become more confident
C) be widely admired
D) feel somewhat lucky
【答案】A) pay more dearly
【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是get caught，關(guān)鍵句是Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. 這里的higher price 和選項(xiàng)里的more dearly 屬于同義替換。所以答案是A。
8. Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to steal a grade.
【答案】steal a grade
【解析】關(guān)鍵詞：care about
關(guān)鍵句：I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others."

9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and good faith.
【答案】honesty and good faith
【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是rely on，關(guān)鍵句是We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day.

10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of the Watergate scandal.
【答案】the Watergate scandal
【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是political and economic leaders，關(guān)鍵句是Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole.
Section B
Passage One
57, C encourage boys to express their emotions freely
58, A perform relatively better
59, C It fails to give boys the attention they need
60, A teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys
61, C They have sharper vision
【解析】這篇文章針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的男女生一起上學(xué)，一起接受教育提出了質(zhì)疑。作者從文章一開頭就表明了自己的看法：對(duì)于男生而言，單性教育，即男生們一起上學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)男生的身心發(fā)展更為有利。文中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)短語，received wisdom，即是“人們普遍的看法，公認(rèn)的看法”。也是作者所批判的一種觀點(diǎn)。傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，男生和女生混合教育會(huì)對(duì)男生發(fā)展更有利。
但是作者認(rèn)為單性教育對(duì)男生有以下幾個(gè)好處：可以讓男生們更自由地表達(dá)自己的情感，可以學(xué)習(xí)自己感興趣的藝術(shù)，舞蹈，音樂等學(xué)科。不用去遵守人們?cè)趥鹘y(tǒng)印象中對(duì)男生的期盼。而且單性教育可以針對(duì)男生的身心發(fā)展特點(diǎn)而制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。
并且作者覺得，目前英國教育把女生當(dāng)做關(guān)注重點(diǎn)，忽視了對(duì)男生的重視。

Passage Two
62. C . It makes all the hard work worthwhile.
63. D. Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.
64. A. conflicts between couples tend to rise
65. D. men and women view money in different ways.
66. C. discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship.
【解析】這是一篇關(guān)于金錢對(duì)夫妻關(guān)系的影響的文章。文中第一段主要通過度假這件事來體現(xiàn)不同人對(duì)待金錢的不同態(tài)度。作者認(rèn)為人只能活一次，如果不能去度假的話，那么工作再努力也沒有意義。第二段主要談到了大蕭條時(shí)期，不太良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況常常會(huì)影響夫妻關(guān)系，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致爭吵，甚至?xí)?dǎo)致離婚或者分居的成本增加，對(duì)夫妻感情造成傷害。第三段講了Kim Stephenson，一個(gè)心理學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，即男人和女人對(duì)待金錢的態(tài)度是不一樣的，男人把金錢看作是得到社會(huì)地位的途徑，看作向父母展現(xiàn)自己成功的一種方式。第四段，作者建議夫妻可以對(duì)金錢持有不同的觀點(diǎn)，但是不可以對(duì)它采取回避的態(tài)度，避而不談。
相對(duì)來說，這篇文章的難度比較大。文章看懂并不難，但是題目中，推理題和大意題比較多，需要在充分理解作者意圖，了解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，才能選出正確答案。

Section A
47 growth
48 stable
49 challenges
50 certainly
51 role
52 combined
53 significant
54 included
55 comprise
56 solutions
【解析】這是一篇討論能源資源的說明文，話題是考生比較熟悉的能源問題，不斷增長的人口與可再生資源的矛盾該如何解決。文中指出能源的一些可替代形式如生物能源、風(fēng)能太陽能等可再生資源將在未來發(fā)揮越來越重要的作用。但是專家指出，即使這些資源儲(chǔ)備量驚人，但是到2050年也只能滿足世界30%的需求。文章最后兩段探討了各能源在市場上的需求，以及解決未來能源需求的其他方案。
總體來說，這篇文章理解難度不大，填空難度適中，所選詞匯也都是四級(jí)考綱的詞匯。選項(xiàng)較具有干擾項(xiàng)，多為c和s開頭的單詞，考生在考試時(shí)要特別注意。?