四六級考試大綱中明確規(guī)定字?jǐn)?shù)不足應(yīng)酌情扣分（見下表）。作文達(dá)到規(guī)定的字?jǐn)?shù)是最基本的，因為字?jǐn)?shù)能很直觀的看出來，是得分的一個硬性規(guī)定。但很多考生往往在這一點上丟分，只因單詞量不足，難以達(dá)到規(guī)定的字?jǐn)?shù)。在這一點上丟分比較可惜，那如何應(yīng)對這種情況呢？

累計字?jǐn)?shù)

CET-4

110-119

100-109

90-99

80-89

70-79

60-69

50-59

＜49

CET-6

140-149

130-139

120-129

110-119

100-109

90-99

80-89

＜79

扣分

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

9

1. 使用籠統(tǒng)詞

英語語言中籠統(tǒng)詞有have, take, go, turn, make, think 等，籠統(tǒng)詞的重要特點在于意義廣泛，搭配性強(qiáng)，構(gòu)成詞組后可以替代眾多具體動詞。雖然不能精確表達(dá)一個動作，卻能大致表達(dá)意思。在一些具體動詞寫不出來的時候，用這些籠統(tǒng)詞取代，也能收到異曲同工的效果。例如：那舊沙發(fā)該扔掉了。

The old sofa will have to discard.= The old sofa will have to go.

這一句中，如果想不起來discard,就用go代替，即The old sofa will have to go. Go的使用讓句子更為生動了，discard意為“扔掉，廢棄”，而go的本意是表明人的來去，用到此處the old sofa也有了生命，生動了起來。四六級作文中，在詞匯量不足或是單詞不會寫的時候，適當(dāng)使用這些詞匯，可以讓句子表達(dá)完整。下面我們一起學(xué)習(xí)一下這些詞匯。

have: I experienced a terrible day. = He had a bad day.

take: I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.

make: What time do you calculate it? = What time do you make it?

think：I suppose you like your job. = I think you like your job.

具體詞匯固然能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)句子意思，有加分的可能，但是因這類詞不常用，很多考生不容易想起。在這種情況下，不妨用一些籠統(tǒng)詞匯來代替，句子雖平實，但不失為一種應(yīng)急良策。

2. 巧用近義詞或反義詞

寫漢語作文時，我們都遇到過這樣的情景，某個詞忘記了如何寫。當(dāng)這種情況出現(xiàn)的時候，你會怎么辦？找其他詞替換不失為一種選擇。而我們所能想到的詞，基本分為兩類，一是近義詞，一是反義詞。這種方法同樣適用于英語作文的寫作。

I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night.

Nightmare 使用頻率不太高，因此不太好記。而其同義詞bad dream 卻很容易記。以后者取代前者絲毫不影響原句的意義。

I can’t endure. = I can’t stand.

He witnessed the accident. = He saw the accident.

I have attempted to earn my living,:mechanic, carpenter, writer. = I have tried to earn my living,:mechanic, carpenter, writer.

Actually, I have forgot who he was.= In fact, I have forgot who he was.

The crucial point is whether we should go ahead with the project. = The important point is whether we should go ahead with the project.

"It was an enormous culture shock, " She says. = “It was a big culture shock. “ She says.

They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.

英語語言中詞與詞之間是有聯(lián)系的，詞與詞之間語義的“共核”現(xiàn)象即所謂的同義詞。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。

同樣，用其反義詞來取代某一遺忘了的詞也是可行的，請看下面的例子：

He is?stubborn. = He is not tame.

The knife is?blunt. = The knife is not sharp.

This is expensive. = This is not cheap.

She is talkative. = She is never quiet.

3. 使用解釋性語句

語言的表達(dá)方式不局限于一種，而是多種多樣的。當(dāng)一個詞影響到溝通，可以用解釋性的語句來表達(dá)。如：

I don‘t capture the meaning of his words. = I don’t know what he said.

Caputre對某些考生來說可能存在難度，這時我們不妨用一種通俗簡單的方式表達(dá)，即用后一句話來表達(dá)前一句話的意思。這種情況可以廣泛用到英語的表達(dá)中。下面的例句可以給考生提供一些思路：

He refused. = He said “no”.

Surfing the Internet has become a prevailing phenomenon. = Suring the Internet has become a phenomenon that can be seen everywhere.

People’s view varies from pereson to person.= Different people have different ideas.

在有限的時間內(nèi)寫出一篇從文章構(gòu)思到遣詞造句都很好的文章是很困難的。在這種情況下，考生要有清晰的做題思路。四六級作文的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一般側(cè)重于能清楚地表達(dá)意義，段落，層次有系統(tǒng)性，語法正確，而并不過分強(qiáng)調(diào)用詞的精確度。因此，考生沒必要花太多時間和精力斟酌詞句，而是致力于文章的清晰明確的表達(dá)上，即用簡單的詞句表達(dá)出清晰的文章內(nèi)容。

來自四級答案網(wǎng)