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West Nile
Molecular Ecology
In 1999 West Nile virus infected its first American, in New York. By 2004, the disease had spread across the country. Researchers speculated that, for the disease to spread so far so quickly, birds must have helped. Some species could carry the disease and pass it on to mosquitoes, which would then infect humans. But a report published March 2nd in the journal Molecular Ecology says mosquitoes didn't need a middleman. Or in this case, a middle bird. Researchers noticed that West Nile virus didn't move north-south along migratory bird routes. Nor did it "leap frog" across large areas in the manner of a bird traveling far from where it was infected. The scientists focused on a different suspect and obtained mosquito DNA from 20 sites in the western U.S. They found three clusters of a species known to carry West Nile. Surprisingly, they found extensive gene flow between these populations, which meant mosquitoes traveled between groups. In some cases, these mosquitoes covered a range just as large as that of the birds first fingered in the outbreak. So bird lovers take heart, your feathered friends are innocent avians.
1999年,在紐約發(fā)現(xiàn)了第一例感染西尼羅河病毒的美國(guó)人。而在2004年的時(shí)候,該疾病已經(jīng)蔓延至整個(gè)國(guó)家。研究者推測(cè),該疾病之所以可以又快又廣的傳播,鳥類肯定難逃其咎。一些鳥可以攜帶這些疾病并將其傳遞給蚊子,而后者恰好導(dǎo)致人類感染該疾病。但是3月2日發(fā)表在分子生態(tài)學(xué)雜志的一篇報(bào)道認(rèn)為,蚊子并不需要中間人,或者準(zhǔn)確的說,中間鳥。 研究者注意到西尼羅河病毒并沒有沿著鳥類遷徙路線而進(jìn)行南北向的移動(dòng)。同時(shí)它也沒有隨著鳥類飛行從鳥類最初被感染的地方,以“類似蛙跳”的方式跨過大片區(qū)域。 這些科學(xué)家將注意力集中到了一個(gè)全新的假設(shè),并且從美國(guó)西部的20個(gè)位置獲取了蚊子DNA樣本。其中他們找到了一種已知可以攜帶西尼羅河病毒的蚊子的三個(gè)不同種群。令人驚訝的是,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)在這些種群中存在著廣泛的基因交流,意味著蚊子也會(huì)在不同種群中遷徙。在某些情況下,這些蚊子遷徙的距離剛剛好與鳥類遷徙的距離相同,并且造成了疾病爆發(fā)。因此愛鳥之人可以放心了,你的長(zhǎng)滿羽毛的朋友只是無辜的鳥而已。 ——譯文來自: fyokxx