科學60秒:漁網設計大賽，感興趣么？
來源：滬江聽寫酷
2011-07-22 10:00
The numbers of fish and other ocean life have dropped dramatically in the past few decades. That’s because of ___1___, and something called bycatch.
More than 300 thousand small whales, dolphins and porpoises die due to commercial fishing each year.
And more than 250 thousand ___2___ sea turtles are killed on longlines set for tuna, swordfish, and other fish.
So here’s a ___3___ for any inventors out there: Create new fishing gear to reduce bycatch. Top prize? Thirty thousand dollars.
It’s the fifth International Smart Gear Competition sponsored by the World Wildlife Fund.
“The Eliminator," a fishing net, was a winner in 2007, designed to reduce bycatch of cod in the haddock fishery.
The Eliminator ___4___. It has large openings at the bottom of the net. Because when haddock face a net, they swim up to escape and get caught. But other groundfish, like cod, swim down to try to ___5___. So the cod can escape through the openings at the bottom.
The Eliminator is now being used in New England and in Europe.
The current competition is open from March 1 through August 31. So get your net ready, and cast your ideas.
【視聽版科學小組榮譽出品】
More than 300 thousand small whales, dolphins and porpoises die due to commercial fishing each year.
And more than 250 thousand ___2___ sea turtles are killed on longlines set for tuna, swordfish, and other fish.
So here’s a ___3___ for any inventors out there: Create new fishing gear to reduce bycatch. Top prize? Thirty thousand dollars.
It’s the fifth International Smart Gear Competition sponsored by the World Wildlife Fund.
“The Eliminator," a fishing net, was a winner in 2007, designed to reduce bycatch of cod in the haddock fishery.
The Eliminator ___4___. It has large openings at the bottom of the net. Because when haddock face a net, they swim up to escape and get caught. But other groundfish, like cod, swim down to try to ___5___. So the cod can escape through the openings at the bottom.
The Eliminator is now being used in New England and in Europe.
The current competition is open from March 1 through August 31. So get your net ready, and cast your ideas.
【視聽版科學小組榮譽出品】
commercial overfishing
endangered
charge
takes advantage of how fish swim
break out
幾十年來，由于商業(yè)性濫捕濫撈以及所謂的意外捕獲，魚類以及其他海洋生物的數量正在急速減少。每年都有30多萬頭小鯨魚、小海豚還有鼠海豚因為商業(yè)捕撈而喪生。
瀕臨滅絕的海龜也難逃此劫，每年慘死在金槍魚、箭魚等的延繩釣上的海龜超過25萬只。
于是，發(fā)明家們，任務來了：發(fā)明一套能減少意外捕撈的漁具。最高有多少獎勵？3萬美元！！這是世界野生生物基金會舉辦的第五屆國際智能漁具設計大賽。
名為“過濾器”的漁網是2007年大賽的最高獎得主，其設計理念是在捕撈黑線鱈的過程中減少對鱈魚的附帶捕撈。
“過濾器”是根據魚類游動的特點設計的。網底部設計成大開口，因為黑線鱈撞到漁網第一反應是向上游動以逃生；而其他底棲魚，如鱈魚，向下游動逃生?！斑^濾器”就是利用這點“放過”鱈魚，捕獲黑線鱈的。
“過濾器”目前在新英格蘭以及歐洲都得到廣泛使用。本屆大賽將從3月1日持續(xù)到8月31日。趕快準備就緒，撒點子吧~
