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In 1980, a scientist looking at bone fragments under an ultraviolet microscope noticed the bones were glowing green -- a hallmark of the antibiotic tetracycline. The drug ____1____ calcium and ____2____ bone. Nothing unusual. Except these bones were from a Nubian mummy buried 1,600 years ago in Sudan -- long before scientists discovered tetracycline, in 1948.
At the time, other scientists said the antibiotic probably just contaminated the bones after death. Because tetracycline’s secreted by a soil bacterium, Streptomyces. To ____3____ this, a chemist recently took bone from the mummy of a Nubian child and dissolved it in hydrogen fluoride, a ____4____ that helps extract tetracycline. And this bone extract also matched the chemical signature of tetracycline -- evidence that the antibiotic was built into the kid's bones as he grew. That analysis appears in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
Anthropologists know the Nubians were skilled brewers. Researchers now believe that the ancient brewmasters learned to purposely make their beer medicinal, by ____5____ grain contaminated with antibiotic-producing Streptomyces bacteria. Just imagine that prescription.
latches onto gets deposited in get to the bottom of nasty acid lacing it with
1980年,一位科學(xué)家在紫外線顯微鏡下觀察骨骼碎片時(shí)注意到這些骨骼發(fā)出了幽幽綠光——這種綠色熒光是骨骼含有四環(huán)系抗生素的一種標(biāo)志。四環(huán)素類藥物會(huì)與鈣螯合,沉積在骨骼中。這本來沒什么稀奇的。但這些骨頭的來歷可不簡單——它們來自于1600多年前埋葬在蘇丹的努比亞木乃伊,而科學(xué)家們直至1948年才發(fā)現(xiàn)了四環(huán)素。 當(dāng)時(shí),其他的科學(xué)家認(rèn)為這種抗生素可能是在這個(gè)努比亞人死后污染到骨頭上的。因?yàn)樗沫h(huán)素是由土壤中的一種細(xì)菌——鏈霉菌分泌而成。為了弄清真相,最近,有一位化學(xué)家從一名努比亞兒童木乃伊身上提取了部分骨骼,將其溶解于氟化氫,這種極具腐蝕性的酸可用于提取四環(huán)素。而骨骼提取物也符合四環(huán)素等化學(xué)特征——這一證據(jù)表明這種抗生素是在兒童成長過程中沉積于骨骼里的。該研究的分析報(bào)告發(fā)表在《美國體質(zhì)人類學(xué)雜志》上。 人類學(xué)家知道努比亞人精于釀造啤酒。如今,研究人員認(rèn)為古代的啤酒釀造大師學(xué)會(huì)了將沾染有可產(chǎn)生抗生素的鏈霉菌的谷物摻入釀酒原料,特意使他們釀制的啤酒具有藥性。想想看,這是多么美妙誘人的藥方?。?/div>