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Imagine giant fields filled with [--1--] solar panels, [--2--]. The best spots to put such panels are obviously sunny, with little rain. But such places often come with lots of dust. And the panels have to stay dust-free: just a seventh of an ounce of dust per square yard of panel can decrease solar power conversion by 40 percent. And panels in Arizona might get covered with four times that much dust each month.
Cleaning the panels [--3--] uses precious water. So researchers are turning to dust-cleaning technology developed for one of the driest, dustiest locations possible: Mars. The work was reported at the national meeting of the American Chemical Society.
An [--4--] transparent material is deposited on glass or a plastic sheet that covers the panel. Sensors monitor the dust levels. Once the dust reaches a specified level, the system reacts and produces a charge, with electricity generated by the panel.
The charge creates a wave over the material’s surface that physically lifts the dust and [--5--] the edges. The system gets about 90 percent of the dust in a couple of minutes. So the panels can go back to soaking up rays.
photovoltaic soaking up rays conventionally electrically-sensitive tosses it over
設(shè)想，一個(gè)巨大的場(chǎng)地上全是光電太陽(yáng)能板在吸收光能。安放太陽(yáng)能板的最佳地點(diǎn)當(dāng)然要是陽(yáng)光充沛，雨水少。不過(guò)這種地方一般都會(huì)有很多灰塵。偏偏太陽(yáng)能板需要一個(gè)無(wú)塵的環(huán)境：每平方碼只要有七分之一盎司的塵土就會(huì)降低太陽(yáng)能板40%的轉(zhuǎn)換效率。而亞利桑那州的太陽(yáng)能板每個(gè)月被覆蓋的塵土達(dá)到其4倍。 常規(guī)太陽(yáng)能板的清潔是使用水。因此研究人員將目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)向在最干燥，揚(yáng)塵最多的地方--火星開發(fā)除塵技術(shù)。該項(xiàng)工作已在美國(guó)化學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)的全國(guó)會(huì)議上報(bào)告。 把一種涂有對(duì)電很敏感的透明材料的玻璃或塑膠薄片覆蓋在太陽(yáng)能板上。用傳感器檢測(cè)粉塵量。當(dāng)粉塵達(dá)到一定量，系統(tǒng)將發(fā)生反應(yīng)并產(chǎn)生一個(gè)電荷，太陽(yáng)能板產(chǎn)生電流。 這個(gè)電荷在材料表面產(chǎn)生一個(gè)波動(dòng)，這個(gè)波動(dòng)會(huì)將灰塵彈起并甩至邊緣。此系統(tǒng)可在幾分鐘之內(nèi)甩掉90%的粉塵，這樣太陽(yáng)能板可以繼續(xù)吸收太陽(yáng)能。