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More carbon dioxide emissions lead to more CO2 dissolving in the oceans, which turns the water acidic. Those sour seas slow the growth of corals. And it turns out acidic seawater also makes clownfish and damselfish suicidally ____1____, according to a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Researchers used IPCC estimates of future CO2 emissions to ____2(1) seawater ____2(2)____ varying degrees of acidity, similar to what we might see in 50 to 100 years. Fish larvae raised on the most acidic batch of seawater ____3____ avoided predators at first, but soon were actually attracted to the predator's scent - probably due to some impairment of the olfactory system.
When those same fish were placed in experimental reefs near the Great Barrier Reef, they ____4____ safety, ____5____ the protective coral. And cruising predators snatched up nearly all of them within 30 hours. Over the same period, only 10 percent of the fish raised in seawater of today's acidity were eaten.
A disruption as big as climate change is bound to challenge numerous species. This study suggests that some challenges will be as unexpected as a cunning predator.
bold and reckless mix up with instinctively disregarded straying from
排放出越多的二氧化碳則會(huì)導(dǎo)致越多的二氧化碳溶于海洋，加劇海水酸化。酸性海域會(huì)阻礙珊瑚的生長(zhǎng)繁殖。而根據(jù)《美國國家科學(xué)院院刊》上的一篇報(bào)道，酸性海水還會(huì)導(dǎo)致小丑魚和小熱帶魚（小雀鯛）變得膽大妄為，從而自尋死路。 聯(lián)合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會(huì)對(duì)未來的二氧化碳排放量作出了估計(jì)，研究人員利用估計(jì)結(jié)果與不同酸度的海水混合，模擬匹配未來50年至100年間海水的酸度。在酸度最高的一批海水里，仔魚起初會(huì)本能地避開捕食者，但事實(shí)上，它們很快就會(huì)被捕食者的氣味所吸引——這可能是由于它們的嗅覺系統(tǒng)遭到了損害。 同樣是這些魚，當(dāng)把它們放置在大堡礁附近的實(shí)驗(yàn)礁水域時(shí)，它們便不顧安危，離開了保護(hù)性的珊瑚到處亂跑。四處巡游的捕食者在30小時(shí)內(nèi)便將所有的魚兒捕食殆盡。而同樣的30個(gè)小時(shí)，在現(xiàn)今海水酸度里的魚兒們僅有10%被捕食。 諸多物種面臨著同氣候變化一樣巨大的毀滅性挑戰(zhàn)。這項(xiàng)研究表明，一些挑戰(zhàn)將同狡詐的捕食者一樣難以預(yù)料。