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Could the ___1___ of smallpox have been a factor in the spread of HIV? That’s the question posed by researchers in the journal BMC Immunology, who think that the vaccine might have offered partial protection against HIV. As smallpox was ___2___, fewer people received the vaccine. The HIV explosion followed.
In this small study, the researchers exposed immune cells from 10 smallpox-vaccinated people to HIV. Cells from 10 people never vaccinated against smallpox were also exposed. And HIV did ___3___ much more successfully in the cells from the non-vaccinated subjects.
Further research confirming the relationship between stopping the smallpox vaccine and the rise of HIV would not surprise William McNeill. The author of the classic book Plagues and Peoples also wrote a chapter titled "Patterns of Disease Emergence in History" for the 1993 book Emerging Viruses. He ___4___ our ability to “insulate ourselves from local and frequent disasters.” But doing so comes at the cost of “creating a new vulnerability to some larger disaster.” McNeill concluded: “___5(句子)___.”
eradication wiped out replicate mused on Perhaps what we face as humans is a conservation of catastrophe.
研究學(xué)者在英國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)委員會(huì)免疫學(xué)期刊上提出，天花的消滅會(huì)不會(huì)對(duì)艾滋病病毒的傳播產(chǎn)生影響。他們認(rèn)為，天花疫苗很有可能對(duì)艾滋病病毒起到部分抑制作用。自天花絕跡以來(lái)，很少有人接種天花疫苗，而其后，艾滋病病毒開(kāi)始迅速蔓延。 研究人員將10名天花疫苗接種者的免疫細(xì)胞以及另外10名未接種者的體細(xì)胞暴露在艾滋病病毒環(huán)境中。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，相比之下，艾滋病病毒更容易在未接種過(guò)天花疫苗的細(xì)胞中增殖。 進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，艾滋病病毒蔓延與天花疫苗接種停止有關(guān)。但這一發(fā)現(xiàn)并沒(méi)有震懾到威廉姆·麥克奈爾。麥克奈爾是《瘟疫與人類》一書(shū)的作者。并且，他在1993年出版的《新生病毒》一書(shū)中“史上疾病的產(chǎn)生模式”這一章節(jié)中仔細(xì)探討了人們“擺脫當(dāng)?shù)馗哳l疾病”的能力，但這是以“將無(wú)力應(yīng)對(duì)更大疾病”為代價(jià)的。麥克奈爾總結(jié)道：“也許，我們?nèi)祟愐鎸?duì)的是無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的災(zāi)難?！?/div>