逗號(hào)是最常見的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)?？墒?，我們都用對(duì)了嗎？看看瑣碎的規(guī)定吧。再次聲明，此文內(nèi)容摘錄翻譯自《美國大學(xué)英語寫作》。一起學(xué)習(xí)吧~

三 逗號(hào)

1 分割一系列個(gè)體

例如：

The street vendor sole watches, necklaces, and earrings.

The pitcher adjusted his cap, pawed the ground, and peered over his shoulder.

The exercise instructor told us to inhale, exhale, and relax.

Joe speed into the hot, still-smoking engine.

注意：

A 在列舉一系列個(gè)體的時(shí)候，最后一個(gè)逗號(hào)（and的之前）的可有可無，但一般是要寫上的。

B 如果列舉的兩的個(gè)體，加不加逗號(hào)要靠語感來判斷（靠?。。。?。如果加了and讀起來順，那么這塊就需要加逗號(hào)，比如：Joe speed into the hot and still-smoking engine。如果加了and獨(dú)立來不順，就不能加逗號(hào)，比如：Tony wore a pale green tuxedo。

（這條太坑爹了~我的理解，如果這兩個(gè)羅列的部分是都直接修飾后面的名詞的，則需要加逗號(hào)；如果是前一個(gè)修飾后一個(gè)的，則不需要。這樣就可以解釋為什么用and來判斷了。都是修飾后面名詞的，它們是并列的，可用and；如果是前面后面修飾的，則不存在并列關(guān)系，and則不合適呢。）

2 置于狀語或從句之后。

例如：

Just in time, Sherry applied the brakes and avoided a car accident.

Although he had been first in the checkout line, Deion let an elderly woman go ahead of him.

注意：

如果這些修飾成分放在句子主干的后面，則不需要加逗號(hào)。尤其是從句，放在主句后面不需要逗號(hào)分割。如果修飾成分很短，放在句子主干前面也可以省略。

3 分割插入成分

例如：

The vinyl car sent, sticky from the heat, clung to my skin.

Marty’s computer, which his wife got him as a birthday gift, occupies all of his space time.

The hallway, dingy and dark, was illuminated by a bare bulb hanging form a wire.

注意：

分割成分有我們熟悉的插入語，也包括一些從句。是否需要逗號(hào)如何判斷呢？如果此處刪除不影響整句基本表達(dá)，則需要逗號(hào)分開。比如：Sue Dodd, who goes to aerobics class with me, was in a serious car accident。這句話就需要用逗號(hào)把這個(gè)從句隔開。但是這句：The woman who goes to aerobics class with me was in a serious car accident則不需要隔開，因?yàn)閯h掉從句后句子基本表意受到影響。

4 連接并列句

并列句可以用的連詞包括：and，but，for，or，nor，so，yet。

例如：

Sam closed all the windows, but the predicted thunderstorm never arrived.

I like warning comfortable clothing, so I buy oversize shirts and sweaters.

Peggy does not envy the skinny models in magazines, for she is happy with her own well-rounded body.

（提示：為什么for表示原因只能放在句子的后部而不能放在句子的開頭呢？因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)的for是連詞。）

注意：

如果兩個(gè)并列句比較短，逗號(hào)可以省略。

The Ferris wheel started and Wilson closed his eyes.

Many people left but the band played on.

I made a wrong turn so I doubled back.

逗號(hào)在此只能分割兩個(gè)獨(dú)立句子，就是有獨(dú)立的主語和謂語的句子。如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞共同組成謂語部分，則不可以用逗號(hào)分開。

The doctor stared over his bifocals and lectured me about smoking.

Dean switched the lamp on and off and then tapped it with his fingers.

5 在直接引語中使用

用逗號(hào)把直接引語部分同整個(gè)句子分割開。（中文會(huì)使用分號(hào)和句號(hào)，注意區(qū)別）

例如：

The carnival baker cried, “Step right up and win a prize!”

“Now is the time to yield to temptation,” my horoscope read.

“I’m sorry,” said the restaurant hostess. “You’ll have to wait.”

“For my first writing assignment,” said Scott, “I have to turn in a five-hundred-word description of a store.”

注意：在引號(hào)結(jié)尾出，逗號(hào)、句號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)要放在引號(hào)內(nèi)部。

6 分割常見名詞

1）對(duì)話人名

If you’re the last to leave, Paul, please switch off the lights.

2）日期

June 30, 2008, is the day I make the last payment on my car.

3）地址

I buy discount children’s clothing from Issacs Baby Wear Factory, Box 900, Chicago, Illinois 60614. （注意：郵編前不加逗號(hào)）

4）信件的開頭和結(jié)尾

Dear Santa,

Sincerely yours,

（注意：在正式郵件中，開頭使用冒號(hào)，如：Dear Sir:）

5）數(shù)字

The insurance agent sold me a $50,000 term life insurance policy.