2000 年 3 月考題

TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes)

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army. Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission. We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or to die.

Our own, our country’s honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and manly exertion; and if we now shamefully fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world. Let us then rely on the goodness of our cause, and the aid of the Supreme Being, in whose hands victory is, to animate and encourage us to great and noble actions. The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them. Let us animate and encourage each other, and show the whole world that a free man contending for liberty on his own ground is superior to any slavish mercenary on earth.

分析：

① The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army.

? 譯文一：蒼天之下，數(shù) / 千 百萬我們的后代 / 尚未出生的人，命系 / 其命運將取決于我們這支軍隊的勇氣和斗志 / 表現(xiàn)。

? 譯文二：蒼天之下，我們這支軍隊的勇氣和斗志將決定千百萬我們后代的命運。

? 考點： 轉(zhuǎn)性譯法：名詞 → 形容詞??? million → 千百萬

????????????????????? 形容詞→名詞??? unborn → 后代

???????? 正反譯法： unborn → 后代（正譯）

??????????????????????????? → 未出生的（反譯）

② Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission.

譯文：敵人冷酷無情 / 鐵石心腸，我們要么頑強(qiáng)抵抗，要么屈膝投降。

考點： 合詞譯法——無論是英語還是漢語，都喜歡連用同義詞以強(qiáng)調(diào)其表達(dá)的意思。英語常用的是成對詞，而中文常用的是一條前后兩個部分為同一意思的四字成語 / 俗語 ，或兩條同義成語。既然這些同以此表達(dá)的是同一個意思，我們就可以把它們合起來翻譯，也就是采用合詞譯法。例如：

1) fair and square → 公平

2) There is a hard and fast rule against smoking. → 嚴(yán)格

3) He is dead and gone. → 他的確死了。

4) His father is a man who forgives and forgets. → 他父親非常寬容。

5) wise and clever → 非常聰明； silly and foolish → 很笨

6) She shakes and trembles with fear. → 她嚇得不停地發(fā)抖。

7) He is a man of culture and learning. → 他是個很有學(xué)問的人。

8) goal and aim → 目的

9) ache and pain → 百般疼痛

10) right and proper → 完全正確

11) cozy and comfortable → 非常舒適

12) She was surprised and taken aback. → 大吃一驚

13) really and truly → 千真萬確

14) hustle and bustle → 擁擠不堪

15) cruel and unrelenting （文中） → 殘酷無情

16) 頑強(qiáng)抵抗 ，屈膝投降（文中） → 四字格

?????? 正反譯法： unrelenting→ 鐵石心腸（正譯）

???????????????????????????? → 冷酷無情（反譯）

?????? 轉(zhuǎn)性譯法：名詞 → 動詞? resistance→ 抵抗?? submission→ 投降

???????????????? 形容詞 → 動詞? abject→ 屈膝

③ We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or to die.

譯文一：因此，我們必須下定決心，若不克敵制勝，就得捐軀疆場。

譯文二：因此，我們必須下定決心，不成功就成仁。

譯文三：因此，我們必須下定決心，不想化為塵土，就得得勝歸來。

考點：resolve to →decide firmly

????? 關(guān)于 to die 中的 to 是跟 have to 的，不是跟 resolve to ， 不能翻譯成“我們決定勝利或死”。

④ Our own, our country’s honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and manly exertion; and if we now shamefully fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world.

? 譯文：我們的榮譽(yù)，祖國的榮譽(yù)，要求我們置死地于后生 / 發(fā)揚(yáng)大無畏精神，如果我們無顏戰(zhàn)敗，將羞愧于整個世界 / 在全世界名譽(yù)掃地。

? 考點： 抽象譯法： a vigorous and manly exertion→ 置死地于后生

??????????????????? vigorous: strong; energetic

??????????????????? manly: brave

??????????????????? exertion: effort

????????? 正反譯法： shamefully→ 羞恥（正譯）

?????????????????????????????? → 無顏（反譯）

????????????????????? infamous→ 臭名昭著（正譯）

⑤ Let us then rely on the goodness of our cause, and the aid of the Supreme Being, (in whose hands victory is), to animate and encourage us to great and noble actions.

? 譯文一：因此，讓我們憑借正義的事業(yè)和上帝的恩助——勝利在他手中——來激勵自己偉大地戰(zhàn)斗。

? 譯文二：因此，讓我們憑借正義的事業(yè)和上帝的恩助來激勵自己偉大地戰(zhàn)斗，因為勝利站在上帝這邊。

? 考點： 定語從句的翻譯：融合法（表原因）

????????? 轉(zhuǎn)性譯法：名詞 → 形容詞??? goodness→ 正義的

????????????????????? 名詞 → 動詞????? actions→ 戰(zhàn)斗

????????????????????? action: military fighting 參考譯文翻得不好，“業(yè)績”

　　　　　　　　　　　形容詞 → 副詞　　 great and noble→ 偉大地

????????? 合詞譯法： animate and encourage→ 激勵?? great and noble→ 偉大的

⑥ The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them.

? 譯文：全國同胞都在關(guān)注我們，如果我們有幸能夠拯救他們脫離強(qiáng)加于身的暴政 / 把他們從強(qiáng)加于身的暴政中解救出來，那將得到他們的祝福和贊頌。

? 考點： 轉(zhuǎn)性譯法：介詞 → 動詞???? upon→ 關(guān)注?? from→ 脫離

????????? 省詞譯法： instrument: person or thing that brings sth about 引起某事的人或物

???????? happily: fortunately???? medicate: consider

???????? 合詞譯法： blessings and praises

⑦ Let us animate and encourage each other, and show the whole world that a free man (contending for liberty on his own ground) is superior to any slavish mercenary on earth.

? 譯文：讓我們彼此激勵，昭告全天下：在祖國為自由而斗爭的自由人民，會戰(zhàn)勝世上任何盲從的雇傭軍。

? 考點： 合詞譯法： animate and encourage

????????? 轉(zhuǎn)性譯法：形容詞 → 動詞?? superior→ 戰(zhàn)勝

????????? ground: land→ 祖國

mercenary: n. soldier hired to fight in a foreign army 雇傭兵

?????????? adj. interested only in making money 圖利

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