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The History of English in Ten Minutes. Chapter Two, The Norman Conquest or Excuse My English.
十分鐘了解英語(yǔ)歷史。第二章，諾曼人入侵或曰原諒我的英語(yǔ)

1066. True to his name, William the Conqueror invades England, bringing new concepts from across the channel, like the French language, the Doomsday Book and the duty-free Galois's multipack.French was "de rigueur" for all official business, with words like "judge", "jury", "evidence" and "justice" coming in and giving John Grisham's career a kick-start.?Latin was still used "ad nauseam" in church, but the common man spoke English, able to communicate only by speaking more slowly and loudly until the others understood him. Words like "cow", "sheep" and "swine" come from the English-speaking farmers. While the "a la carte" versions "beef", "mutton" and "pork" come from the French-speaking toffs, beginning a long-running trend of restaurants having completely indecipherable menus.
1066年，名副其實(shí)的征服者William入侵英國(guó)，從海峽對(duì)岸帶來(lái)了新的概念，諸如法語(yǔ)，末日裁判書(shū)， 免稅的伽羅瓦盒裝包。法語(yǔ)在處理所有公事時(shí)，都是“社交禮儀上必要的”語(yǔ)言。例如“法官”，“陪審團(tuán)”，“證據(jù)”和“正義"等外來(lái)詞，使得約翰-格里森姆的事業(yè)起飛。拉丁語(yǔ)依然“令人生厭”的應(yīng)用于各個(gè)教堂，但普通人講英語(yǔ)，只能通過(guò)放慢語(yǔ)速和提高音量來(lái)讓人聽(tīng)懂，達(dá)成溝通。有些詞如“公?！?，“羊”和“豬”，源自說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的農(nóng)民。而“菜單”上的版本“牛肉”，“羊肉”和“豬肉”則源自說(shuō)法語(yǔ)的有錢(qián)人，餐館制定讓人完全讀不懂的菜單的持續(xù)趨勢(shì)，就是從那時(shí)開(kāi)始的。

All in all, the English absorbed about 10,000 new words from the Normans, though they still couldn't grasp the rules of cheek kissing. The "bon-ami" all ended when the English nation took their new warlike lingo of "armies", "navies" and "soldiers" and began the Hundred Years' War against France. It actually lasted 116 years but by that point, no one could count any higher in French and English took over as the language of power.
總的來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)從諾曼人那里吸收了差不多10,000個(gè)詞匯，但依然沒(méi)有掌握貼面禮的要訣。當(dāng)英國(guó)采用了新的軍事行話(huà)，如“軍隊(duì)”、“海軍”、“士兵”之時(shí)，英法兩國(guó)的“好朋友關(guān)系”徹底結(jié)束，并開(kāi)始了百年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)實(shí)際上持續(xù)了116年，而到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束時(shí)，沒(méi)有人再看重法語(yǔ)，英語(yǔ)成為了占據(jù)統(tǒng)治地位的語(yǔ)言。

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