Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)句型詳解

1．As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”， and up_to_now_nobody has been able to do this better_than Charlie Chaplin. 維克多?雨果曾經(jīng)說過，“笑容如陽光，驅(qū)走人們臉上的冬天”。關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)，直到今天也沒有人能比查理?卓別林做得更好。

(1)as在此引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾后面整個(gè)句子，此時(shí)，定語從句的位置比較靈活，可放在句首、句中或句末，譯為“正如，正像”。

①As all his friends agree, he was unusually warm－h(huán)earted, loving and generous.正如他所有的朋友都認(rèn)為的那樣，他非常熱心、可親、慷慨。

②I am as you can imagine short enough of money.正如你所想象的那樣，我很缺錢。

③He was a teacher, as was clear from his manner.正如根據(jù)他的舉止所斷定的，他是一位老師。

(2)up to now 意為“迄今；到現(xiàn)在為止”，是多用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語，?？膳c until now, by now, so far 互換。

①Up to now, about 30 foreign companies have set up branches in this developing zone.到現(xiàn)在為止，已有大約30家外國公司在這個(gè)開發(fā)區(qū)設(shè)立了分公司。

②They have raised more than $1 000 000 for this project up to now/until now/so far.到目前為止，他們已經(jīng)為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目籌集到一百多萬美元了。

(3)．..nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.當(dāng)形容詞或副詞的比較級出現(xiàn)在否定句中時(shí)，往往不表示否定的意義而是表示充分的肯定。

—I think students should have more of their own time. Don‘t you think so?我認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)該有更多的屬于他們自己的時(shí)間。你不這么認(rèn)為嗎？

—I can’t agree more. (＝I completely agree.)完全贊同。

[即境活用1]

—Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?
—Thank you. ______.

A．It couldn‘t be better　　 B．Of course you can
C．If you like D．It's up to you

答案：A

解析：It couldn't be better. “再好不過了”，相當(dāng)于 It's the best.

2．“Well, it certainly will be this morning，” the man said, “because I happen_to_be flying it！”“啊，那今天上午肯定要晚點(diǎn)了，”那人說，“因?yàn)榕銮晌乙{駛那班飛機(jī)！”

happen to do/be 碰巧

句型 Sb. happens to do sth.可以轉(zhuǎn)換成 It happens that sb. does sth.，但使用時(shí)要注意復(fù)合句中從句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)要與簡單句中的動詞不定式的形式相呼應(yīng)。

①When I went to see him, he happened to be away on holiday.
(＝When I went to see him, it happened that he was away on holiday.)我去看他時(shí)，他碰巧在外度假。

②Joseph came to borrow my skiing boards yesterday, but I happened to have lent them to my cousin last week.(＝...but it happened that I lent them to my cousin last week.)約瑟夫昨天來借滑雪板，不巧的是我上星期借給我的表弟了。

[即境活用2]　

When the bridge fell down, several cars happened ______ on it.
A．to run B．running
C．to be running D．that they were running

答案：C

解析：句意：那座橋坍塌時(shí)，正巧有好幾輛汽車正在上面行駛。happen to do 中不定式根據(jù)語境可選擇不同的形式。

3．The tramp, a poor and homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn－out shoes and a_small_round_black_hat. 這個(gè)流浪漢，一個(gè)留著小胡子的窮苦的無家可歸的人，穿著大褲子、破鞋子，頭頂著黑色的小圓帽。

a small round black hat 中的 hat前有三個(gè)形容詞做定語，在英語中多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)的順序是：限制詞(冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞)＋數(shù)詞(序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞)＋描繪性形容詞(nice, good, interesting, beautiful...)＋特征形容詞(大小、長短、高低、形狀、年齡、新舊)＋顏色形容詞＋國籍、出處＋物質(zhì)、材料＋用途、類別＋中心名詞。我們可以用下面的一段順口溜來幫助記憶：
限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老。
顏色國籍出材料，作用類別緊跟著。

①all these last few years?所有這些逝去的歲月

②some beautiful little red flowers?一些美麗的小紅花

③the first beautiful white Chinese military jeep第一輛漂亮的白色中國軍用吉普車

[即境活用3]　

—Is it Jim who is driving the new car?
—Probably. I know he has recently bought a ______ car.
A．shiny black German
B．black shiny German
C．shiny German black
D．black German shiny

答案：A

解析：考查形容詞的排列順序。

易 錯(cuò) 點(diǎn) 撥

自我完善?誤區(qū)備考

(1)direct 用于具體意義，指“中途不停地，徑直地”。

(2)directly 多用于抽象意義，表示“直接地”，還有“立即，馬上”等意思。directly 還可用做連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于 as soon as。

[應(yīng)用1]　用 direct和directly 填空

(1)___________ he came in, everyone was quiet.

(2)He went ______ to the airport.

(3)The measure affects me __________.

答案：Directly；direct；directly

2. especially/specially/particularly

(1)especially 強(qiáng)調(diào)程度，意為“特別，尤其”。

(2)specially 強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，多指為某一特定目的而專門做某事。

(3)particularly 表“特別地，尤其地”，可以與 especially 互換，但 particularly 還可作“詳細(xì)地，細(xì)致地”講。

[應(yīng)用2]　用 especially, specially, particularly 填空

(1)The doctor told the patient ___________ not to drink.

(2)I like the country, ____________________in spring.

(3)Please describe the event fully and ______________.

答案：specially；especially/particularly；particularly