Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)句型詳解

1．I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.

我生活在你們所說(shuō)的“古希臘”。我曾經(jīng)寫(xiě)過(guò)很久以前奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的情況。

(1)what you call“Ancient Greece”是由 what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做介詞 in的賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí) what在賓語(yǔ)從句中做 call的間接賓語(yǔ)。what可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句及同位語(yǔ)從句等名詞性從句，它的含義也比較廣泛，可以指事、物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、言語(yǔ)、情況等。

①The boss seems not satisfied with what we have done.

老板似乎對(duì)我們所做的事不滿意。

②We waited what seemed two hours.

我們等了大約兩個(gè)小時(shí)。

③Who invented what is called “wheel”？

誰(shuí)發(fā)明了叫做“輪子”的東西？

(2)used to意為“過(guò)去常常”，后接動(dòng)詞原形，其否定和疑問(wèn)形式，可以使用 used，也可以借助助動(dòng)詞 did。

Your father used to drink a lot, didn't he/usedn't he?

你父親曾喝酒很厲害，對(duì)不對(duì)？

He didn't use/usedn't to drive to work.

他過(guò)去不曾開(kāi)車上班。

拓展：

①used to do 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常做某事，也可以表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)。

be used to doing 意為“習(xí)慣于”，be 也可換成 get或 become。

be used to do 意為“被用于做……”，是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

It used to be a very quiet town.

它過(guò)去曾是個(gè)非常安靜的城鎮(zhèn)。

The man got used to living in the countryside.

那個(gè)男人已習(xí)慣于住在農(nóng)村。

Wood can be used to make paper.木頭可用于造紙。

②used to 表示過(guò)去持續(xù)的狀態(tài)或情況，客觀地陳述過(guò)去的規(guī)則行為，現(xiàn)在已不存在此動(dòng)作，不與表一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用；would表過(guò)去不大規(guī)則的行為動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在可能仍存在，常與 often, sometimes, frequently, for hours 等連用，但不與表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞連用。如：

There used to be an old temple on the hill.

從前山上有座古廟。

She would sit there for hours doing nothing at all.

她總是一連幾個(gè)小時(shí)坐在那兒，什么也不做。

[即境活用1](1)(2008?天津模擬)He finds his daughter is quite different from ______ she was five years ago.

A．who　　B．what ? ??C．how ? ? ? D．which

解析：句意：他發(fā)現(xiàn)他女兒跟5年前大不一樣了。what 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中做表語(yǔ)。

答案：B

(2)(2009?惠州質(zhì)檢)When he was there, he ______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.

A．would B．should

C．used to D．might

解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去一段時(shí)間一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作用 would。

答案：A

2．－How often do you hold your Games?

－Every four years.

——每隔多久舉辦一次奧運(yùn)會(huì)？

——每四年。

every four years 每四年；每隔三年

every與基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、other或 few連用，表示時(shí)間或空間的間隔，意為“每……；每隔……”，其具體結(jié)構(gòu)為：

every＋基數(shù)詞＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞

every＋序數(shù)詞＋單數(shù)名詞

every other＋單數(shù)名詞　意為“每隔……”

every few＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞　意為“每隔……”。

①every four days 每隔三天

②every third day 每隔兩天

③every other day 每隔一天

④every few days 每隔幾天(注意 few前沒(méi)有a)

[即境活用2]The teacher asked his students to leave a space in their exercise books______.

A. every a few lines B. each a few lines

C. every few lines D. each few lines

解析：“每/每隔……”短語(yǔ)中只能用 every, 而不用 each；“every few＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“每隔幾……”，few前不能加 a。

答案：C

3．No other countries could join in, nor_could slaves or women！別的國(guó)家不能參加，奴隸和婦女也不能參加。

nor/neither“也不”，置于句首引導(dǎo)分句，句子要用部分倒裝。即：

“neither/nor＋be(助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)＋主語(yǔ)”，表示前面否定的情況也適合于下文另一人或物，相當(dāng)于 either 用于否定句。當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，只能用 nor。

①She isn't a student; neither/nor is he (＝he isn't a student, either). 她不是學(xué)生，他也不是。

②I don't know, nor do I care. (nor不能用 neither替換)

我不知道，也不關(guān)心。

拓展：(1)“so＋be(助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)＋主語(yǔ)”，表示上文肯定的情況也適合于下文另外一個(gè)人或物。

(2)“so＋主語(yǔ)＋be(助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)”則表示對(duì)前述情況的認(rèn)同或強(qiáng)調(diào)，注意前后是同一主語(yǔ)，意為“的確”“確實(shí)”。

(3)So it is (was) with sb. (sth.)或 It is (was) the same with sb. (sth.)用于前面陳述的是兩種以上的情況或既有肯定也有否定。

①—He dances well. 他舞跳得好。

—So do you. 你也跳得好。

②It's a fine day today. 今天是一個(gè)好天。

—So it is! 今天確實(shí)是一個(gè)好天！

③—He didn't work hard, so he failed the exam.

他不努力學(xué)習(xí)，所以考試失敗了。

—So it was with me.我也是。

[即境活用3](1)(2009?南京質(zhì)檢)If you don't sign up for the game, ______.

A．I don't go, either ? ? ? ?B．neither will I ? ? ? ??C．so will I ? ? ? ? ? D．nor do I

解析：if從句中用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，但主句中需用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，A、D時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)。

答案：B

(2)You say he works hard. ______ , and ______.

A．So he does; so you do B．So he does; so do you

C．So does he; so do you D．So does he; so you do

解析：第一空表示對(duì)前述情況的認(rèn)同“他確實(shí)很努力”，用 so he does；第二空表示這一情況也適合于你，“你也很努力”用 so do you。

答案：B

4．There's just as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals. 國(guó)與國(guó)之間爭(zhēng)取奧運(yùn)會(huì)承辦權(quán)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，就跟爭(zhēng)奪奧運(yùn)獎(jiǎng)牌一樣激烈。

as...as“像……一樣”，引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。

as...as同級(jí)比較的形式有：

as＋adj./adv.＋as

as＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞＋as

as＋adj.＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式＋as

注意：(1)同級(jí)比較的否定形式為 not so/as...as...。

(2)同級(jí)比較可修飾倍數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)等。

(3)此結(jié)構(gòu)中第二個(gè) as可為連詞也可為介詞，做連詞可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)比較狀語(yǔ)從句，從句常用省略形式；做介詞時(shí)，后接名詞，也可接數(shù)量詞表示某性質(zhì)達(dá)到了什么程度。

①Asia is about four times as large as Europe.

亞洲大約是歐洲的四倍大。

②He owed as many thanks to his parents as (he owed) to his teachers. 他同樣地感謝他的父母和老師。

③We walked as far as the lake last night.

昨晚我們散步遠(yuǎn)到湖邊。

④He is not so friendly to me as I am to him.

他對(duì)我不像我對(duì)他那樣友好。

⑤You must give flowers as much water as they need.

你必須給花澆足夠多的水。

[即境活用4](1)—What do you think of French?

—In my opinion, French is ______ English.

A．a(chǎn) subject so difficult as B．a(chǎn)s difficult a subject as

C．a(chǎn)s a subject difficult as D．difficult as subject as

解析：考查 as...as表示同級(jí)比較。其中第一個(gè) as是副詞，后接 adj.＋a＋n.。

答案：B

(2)The farmers wondered if vegetables could bring in ______crops.

A．a(chǎn)s many as ? ? ? ? B．a(chǎn)s good as ? ? ? ? ?C．a(chǎn)s much as ? ? ? ? D．a(chǎn)s well as

解析：此句意為“農(nóng)民們想知道是否蔬菜能像莊稼一樣帶來(lái)同樣多的 money (利潤(rùn))”，故為 as much as。

答案：C

易 錯(cuò) 點(diǎn) 撥 自我完善?誤區(qū)備考

1. allow/permit/let/admit

(1)allow強(qiáng)調(diào)“默許”。用法：allow sb. to do/allow doing sth.。

(2)permit有時(shí)可與allow通用，不過(guò)它的語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)，也更正式，可表示“明文規(guī)定允許或不允許”，其用法為：permit sb. doing/permit sb. to do sth.。

(3)let與上面兩個(gè)可以通用，不過(guò)更口語(yǔ)化，而且用法不同，其用法為：let sb. do sth.。

(4)admit其實(shí)只是表示“允許進(jìn)入，接收(入學(xué)，入會(huì)等)”，其用法為：admit sb. to...，這里to是介詞。除此之外，admit還可以解釋為“承認(rèn)”。

[應(yīng)用1]　(1)The policeman _________ him to park here.

(2)We can’t stand by and ________ such a thing.

(3)Women were only _________ into the club last year.

(4)_________ me have a look ，will you?

permitted ? , ? ?allow ? , ? ??admitted ? , ? ?Let

2. join/join in/join sb. in (doing) sth./take part in/attend

(1)join“參加”，指加入黨派、社會(huì)團(tuán)體、軍隊(duì)等并成為其中一員。

(2)join in表示“參加某種活動(dòng)”，in可為介詞，也可為副詞。

(3)join sb. in(doing) sth.表示“參加某人所從事的活動(dòng)”。

(4)take part in指參加群眾性活動(dòng)、會(huì)議并在其中起作用。take an active part in積極參與。

(5)attend是正式用語(yǔ)，指參加會(huì)議、婚禮、典禮；聽(tīng)報(bào)告、講座等。一般指成為觀眾或聽(tīng)眾。

[應(yīng)用2](1)How many countries and areas________________ the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing?

有多少國(guó)家和地區(qū)參加了第29屆北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)？

(2)Many young girls ______ aerobics classes to keep slim.很多年輕的姑娘為了保持苗條身材而加入有氧健身班。

(3)The meeting was ___________ by 90% of share holders.

90%的股東出席了會(huì)議。

(4)I’m sure you’ll all _________________ wishing Ted and Lawra a very happy marriage.

我相信大家會(huì)愿意與我一起共祝特德和勞拉喜結(jié)良緣。

took part in ? , ? ?join ? ? , ? ??attended ? ?, ? ?join me in

3. as well/too/also/either

這幾個(gè)詞都表示“也”，但用法不同：

(1)as well用于肯定句，置于句末。

(2)also比較正式，位置通常在主要?jiǎng)釉~前面或系動(dòng)詞be后面，不放在句末。

(3)too多用于口語(yǔ)，位置通常在句末，前面常有逗號(hào)；也可以在句中，前后都有逗號(hào)。

(4)as well, too, also這三個(gè)詞都不用于否定句，否定句中用either。

[應(yīng)用3]　(1)It won’t do them any good, but it won’t do them any harm _________________.

(2)I surfed the Internet last night. He did, ______.

(3)This pen will do ___________.

(4)He ______ enjoys playing table tennis in his spare time.

either ? , ??too ? , ? ?as well ? ?, ? ?also