三、data的具體表達(dá)法

data在某一個(gè)時(shí)間段固定不變：fixed in time

在一系列的時(shí)間段中轉(zhuǎn)變：changes over time

持續(xù)變化的data在不同情況下：

增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ...

減少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ...

波動(dòng)：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ...

穩(wěn)定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ...

最常用的兩種表達(dá)法：

動(dòng)詞 + 副詞形式（Verb + Adverb form）

形容詞 + 名詞形式（Adjective + Noun form）

1. Verb + Adverb form

The number of XXX?

+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate...

+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly...

+from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間) / between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間)?

2. Adjective + Noun form

There was +

a sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight?

+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation（注意：上述很多詞不可用于修飾fluctuation）

+in the number of XXX from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間) / between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間)?

描述穩(wěn)定的data：

The number of XXX remained steady/stable from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間) / between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間)?

The number of XXX stayed the same from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間) / between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間)

There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間) / between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間)

描述不同狀態(tài)的data：

Noun form:?

steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop?

Verbal form:?

(to) bottom out / (to) reach the bottom / (to) increase gradually / (to) reach a plateau / (to) remain steady?

描述the highest point以及the lowest point：

高點(diǎn)極值：

The monthly profit / The figures / The situation ...?

+peaked in (月份/年) <準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at XXX> at XXX% / XXX(極點(diǎn)data)?

或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX(極點(diǎn)data)

低點(diǎn)極值：

XXX bottomed out / reached

+rock / the bottom / a low point

或者h(yuǎn)it a trough

此外，在描述過(guò)程中還有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，朗閣海外考試研究中心總結(jié)出最常用的固定搭配如下：

并列：as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, what's more, apart from ...

舉例：for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially

事實(shí)：as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as ...

雷同/近似：similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally ...

轉(zhuǎn)折：however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, in stead (of), in spite of, despite of ...

原因與結(jié)果：

1. cause-suggestion (幾乎不常用)?

since / now that ...; I hope that...?

because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + (doing) sth, I hope that...?

2. cause-effect (較常用)?

XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ...?

(一個(gè)句子), therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / (and) so ...?

3. effect-cause (較常用)?

XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of ...

(一個(gè)句子), because ...

it is adj. that ...

it is unimaginable that ...

it is undeniable that ...

it is interesting to discover that ...

四、其它相關(guān)常用詞（組）

1. 主章開(kāi)頭

圖表類型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph

描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent

內(nèi)容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion

2. 表示數(shù)據(jù)

一般：have 10%; at 10%; over 10%?

最高（低）點(diǎn)：peaked; reached a peak / high point

bottomed out; reached the bottom

變化：recover 略有回升；increase; ?jump; rise/rose; climb

decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce?

fluctuate 浮動(dòng)，搖擺不定

remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change

變化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的

rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飛快的，險(xiǎn)峻的

dramatic/dramatically 戲劇性的，生動(dòng)的

significant/significantly 有意義的，重大的，重要的

sharp/sharply 銳利的，明顯的，急劇的

steep/steeply 急劇升降的

steady/steadily 穩(wěn)固的，堅(jiān)定不移的

gradual/gradually 漸進(jìn)的，逐漸的

slow/slowly 緩慢的，不活躍的

slight/slightly輕微的、略微地

stable/stably 穩(wěn)定的

表示范圍：from XXX to XXX; between XXX and XXX; for XXX to XXX多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間直到

表示程度：almost adv. 幾乎，差不多

nearly adv. 幾乎，密切地

approximately adv. 近似的，大約

about adv. 附近，大約，轉(zhuǎn)向，左右，周圍

just over 剛超過(guò)

over adv. 結(jié)束，越過(guò)，從頭到尾

exactly adv. 正確地，嚴(yán)密地

precisely adv. 正好，精確地；清晰地

比例：20 percent ?20%?

one in three ?1/3?

one out of every four ?1/4?

3. 其它在描述中常用到的詞

significant changes 圖中一些較大變化

noticeable trend 明顯趨勢(shì)

during the same period 在同一時(shí)期

grow/grew 增長(zhǎng)

distribute 分布，區(qū)別

unequally 不相等地

pronounced 明顯的

average 平均

no doubt 無(wú)疑地

corresponding adj. 相應(yīng)的，通訊的

represent vt. 闡述，表現(xiàn)

overall 總體上講

except 除外

in the case of adv. 在...的情況下

in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在...方面

in contrast 相反，大不相同

in conclusion adv. 最后，總之

in comparison 相比之下

inversely adv. 相反地，倒轉(zhuǎn)地

in general 通常，大體上，一般而言

range from 從…到…

excessive adj. 過(guò)多的，過(guò)分的，額外

lower v. 降低，跌落

elapse vi.（時(shí)間）過(guò)去，消逝

category n. 種類

government policy 政府政策

market forces 市場(chǎng)規(guī)律

measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，調(diào)節(jié)

forecast n. 先見(jiàn)，預(yù)見(jiàn) v. 預(yù)測(cè)