雅思議論文題型各個(gè)擊破（下）

以考官在劍5中給出的參考范文為例，就優(yōu)缺題進(jìn)行分析：In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. 題目中明確提出了要求討論優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，那么自然文章段落安排應(yīng)該是4段，優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)各一段?？脊僭趦?yōu)點(diǎn)段落中提到：They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research, as well as giving them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of student life. 而在缺點(diǎn)段第一句話就提到：However, there are certainly dangers in taking time off at that important age. 更值得注意的是對(duì)于此類題目，不僅分析優(yōu)缺兩方面，考官還在結(jié)尾段落中明確給出了自己的看法：My view is that young people should be encouraged to … 考生在完成類似提問時(shí)自然也可以學(xué)習(xí)這種寫法，讓全文更客觀公正。

What are the reasons, effects or solutions?

這種提問方式是一般被稱為分析解決型的文章所有的提問，可以是分析原因，也可以是說明影響，當(dāng)然也可以提出建議，甚至是同一題目要求回答其中的2-3個(gè)問題。所以對(duì)于這種提問，考生也只需要做好認(rèn)真讀題審題，做到“問啥答啥”即可。

盡管相比較之前出現(xiàn)的幾種辨證型的題目來說分析解決型題目相對(duì)出現(xiàn)幾率不那么高，但是我們也決不可小覷了它的重要性，尤其是最近幾年明顯更為常見了，在Cambridge IELTS1,4,5,7,8中都有不少考題的分析。一般說來，分析解決型因?yàn)樘釂柺置黠@，所以考生在回答時(shí)難度也并不會(huì)特別大，甚至不少辯證性的題目若換成分析解決提問，難度都會(huì)明顯下降，如2010年1月23日考題：The gap between the rich and the poor is becoming much wider, the rich more richer, the poor even more poorer. What problems can the situation cause and give the solutions? 這一題目本來是有關(guān)貧富差距的社會(huì)類話題，之前在2009年出現(xiàn)過討論雙方的提問方式時(shí)難倒了一大片考生，而此時(shí)的分析問題和解決方案就容易解決了。

但值得注意的是，在最近幾年里出題的難度明顯有所提升，甚至比某些辨證型的文章難度更大，如：Many people believe that today there is a general increase in anti-social behaviour and lack of respect for others. What might have caused this situation? How to improve it? 這個(gè)題目之所以難，倒不是在于提問而是因?yàn)轭}中出現(xiàn)了anti-social behaviour這個(gè)考生所不能準(zhǔn)確找到社會(huì)現(xiàn)象對(duì)應(yīng)的詞。反社會(huì)行為，其實(shí)是一種越軌行為，有時(shí)候還是違法犯罪行為，主要指為了個(gè)人或少數(shù)人的利益（有時(shí)候?qū)嵤┍┝φ卟o利益可求，只為泄憤）而違背社會(huì)公認(rèn)的行為規(guī)范，并因此對(duì)他人和社會(huì)造成損害乃至嚴(yán)重破壞的行為，因?yàn)槭┍┱吆褪┍?duì)象沒有明顯的目標(biāo)關(guān)系，這就有點(diǎn)“濫殺無辜”的意味，對(duì)社會(huì)而言會(huì)產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的不安全感。因此也在此建議各位考生一定不要在準(zhǔn)備考試過程中一味地注重常見話題，而應(yīng)更多留心社會(huì)類考題，尤其是其中出現(xiàn)的一些專業(yè)術(shù)語的理解。

那么除了在審題這一步要特別仔細(xì)以免丟了冤枉分之外，到底該如何回答安排此類分析解決型文章呢？接下來我們就以考官范文為參考進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的分析。如Cambridge IELTS4 Test2: Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness? 既然題目中出現(xiàn)了2個(gè)提問，那么在回答時(shí)自然也要一一對(duì)應(yīng)回答，而不能忽略了其中某一個(gè)。所以考官給出的參考范文一共有5個(gè)段落，主體第一段說明原因，第一句話就點(diǎn)明：Because people interpret happiness for themselves in so many different ways, it is difficult to give any definition that is true for everyone. 第二段提出重要因素Of course, factors such as loving relationships, good health, the skills to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness too. 主體第三段融入了自己的看法I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. 從這篇考官范文中我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)于此類文章只要能做到一一對(duì)應(yīng)，不要漏題即可輕松拿下，若能加入自己看法自然是更好。

另外我們?cè)僖訡ambridge IELTS8 Test2的題目為例（Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make？ Has this become a positive or negative development?），就考官給出的一篇5.5分的范文進(jìn)行分析：考官對(duì)于該學(xué)生范文的評(píng)語中明確寫到This answer addresses both questions, but the first is not well covered in terms of how actual relationships have changed. Nevertheless, there is a clear opinion that the effects have been positive and relationships have improved, with some relevant ideas to support this. 這篇范文分析也十分明確地告訴我們，在回答此類題目時(shí)切記要回答到位，而且字?jǐn)?shù)一定要滿足題目的要求。

當(dāng)然，我們還有更多的考官范文可以用來借鑒和參考，本系列文章中只是截取了其中一小部分進(jìn)行分析。對(duì)于每一種提問方式要如何更好地細(xì)致安排，希望考生們好好地利用我們的這套雅思考試風(fēng)向標(biāo)，對(duì)劍橋系列書籍進(jìn)行細(xì)細(xì)研讀，相信一定能從中發(fā)現(xiàn)不少捷徑，這樣在雅思寫作最關(guān)鍵的審題部分就能輕松邁出大步，成功的一大步！