第五章 分詞和從句

????分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)和分詞短語在英語中使用非常普遍,在句子中可以充當(dāng)補語,定語,狀語等成分。在成分復(fù)雜的句子中,有時分詞的出現(xiàn)易同謂語動詞的被動式或者進行時搞混,造成句子主干的判斷錯誤。帶有自己主語的分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)由于同非限制性定語從句和插入語一樣需要逗號同句子的其他成分分開,因此常會誤認(rèn)為是非限制性定語或插入語。有些從句,尤其是定語從句,其形式變化很多,在句子中也易同其他句子成分混淆。


Excrise

In fact, "learning to use a computer" is like "learning to play a game", but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same.

Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation.

My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable.

要點: "learning to use a computer"和" learning to play a game"均為動名詞短語,分別做主語和表語。but連接兩個并列句,其中后一句里"whose rules may not be the same"為非限制性定語從句,修飾"a second game."
譯文:事實上,學(xué)習(xí)使用計算機就像學(xué)玩游戲一樣,但是學(xué)了一個游戲規(guī)則可能無助于你玩第二個游戲,因為游戲的規(guī)則可能有所不同。

要點: "those"后有定語從句修飾。該定語從句為:who oppose the building of flats."the assumption"后有一同位語從句修飾,即"that everyone prefers an individual home and garden". "base on"有"the assumption"和" the high cost"兩個并列短語。
譯文:那些反對建公寓的人所根據(jù)的主要理由是,他們認(rèn)為每個人都想擁有單獨的住宅和花園,另外,公寓樓每個居住單元的成本太高。

要點:that引導(dǎo)的是一個表語從句,這個表語從句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)為"the complaint is inevitable"."complaint"由后面的介詞短語"of one generation about the one(generation) immediately following it"修飾。
譯文:我要強調(diào)的是一代人對其下一代的抱怨是不可避免的.

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