四級考試閱讀沖刺策略-有效利用真題（1）

二．詞匯
詞匯是閱讀的基礎，經過從開學到11月底這兩個多月的復習，同學們在單詞量上有了一定的積累與提升，在最后的半個月時間中應該做查缺補漏的工作。因為四級考試中的單詞重復率很高，所以在歷年試題中出現(xiàn)過而你卻不認識的單詞最應當受到關注。在近5年的真題中從這三個方位查找自己不認識的單詞重點記背，它們分別是：1. 聽力的原文和選項；2. 完形填空和選詞填空的選項；3. 完形填空和仔細閱讀（不包含快速閱讀）的文章。在四級考試的閱讀文章中會出現(xiàn)3%的超綱詞，而給出中文注釋的只有一兩個，所以無論是在平時的練習中還是在考試中，同學們都不要執(zhí)著于必須要看懂每一個單詞，但一定要把歷年曾經反復考過的重點詞匯掌握，這些詞就已經可以幫助我們讀懂文章了。

三．深度閱讀：?
僅僅在做完文章之后對一下答案并不能提升水平，在最后的復習時間中應該利用近5年中已經做過的真題進行精細的總結，只有在總結中才能破解出題人的思路，找到自身的問題所在。因此，表面看起來總結是一件費時費力的事情，但卻是最行之有效提升水平的方法。

以下內容將會從閱讀項目常考的3大題型入手來進行講解，同學們可以在總結中來借鑒：

1.主旨題：考察對文章中心思想的把握。??
標志詞：mainly about、purpose、title?

解答主旨題關鍵抓兩點：主題詞、主題句。?

主旨題正確選項的特點：包含主題詞，對文章主題句的同義改寫。?

(1)主題詞是全文中心討論的事物。綜合全文，尤其是在每個段落的開頭，反復重現(xiàn)的成分，往往是一個名詞或名詞詞組，那就是主題詞。而主旨題的正確選項是會包含主題詞的。??

(2)主題句往往在全文開頭出現(xiàn)，通常標志分別為：1 全文開頭作者明確下結論、表立場的句子； 2 全文開頭引言后的解釋；3 全文開頭轉折后的理論觀點；4 全文開頭故事背景后引出的第一個理論觀點。

例文1：06年1月??
“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.” Said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While here’s on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you. 主題句??
In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldn’t get the job done.

Stress that you can manage also boost immune (免疫的) function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects through a gory (血淋淋的) video on surgical procedures. Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody.

Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. “They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage,” says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.??

“Sustained stress is not good for you,” says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity, “It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.”

1. The passage is mainly about ___A___.

A) the benefits of manageable stress

B) how to cope with stress effectively

C) how to avoid stressful

D) the effect of stress harmonies on memory

分析：綜合各段開頭反復重現(xiàn)的成分既為主題詞，stress，不包含主題詞的優(yōu)先排除，四選項全部包含，轉而查找主題句，文章開頭出現(xiàn)引言，引言后的解釋句中出現(xiàn)several studies suggest明確的結論性表達，引導全文主題的出現(xiàn)，A選項為文章主題句的同義改寫，manageable對應rise to，benefits對應be good for。BC選項都以how to開頭，而原文中并未提出解決方法，因此排除。D選項是針對第3段的細節(jié)信息，不能夠概括全文，因此排除，而且請各位同學注意，D選項幾乎完全照抄原文，像這樣的選項在選之前請先思考一下，這2分拿得會不會太輕松。近5年內只有06年6月24日的57題以照抄原文的形式作為正確答案，這是非常罕見的。?

總結：主旨題正確選項一定包含主題詞，對主題句同義改寫，照抄原文的選項通常不正確。?

2.細節(jié)題：考察對文章中重要細節(jié)的把握。

標志：題干較長，包含很多細節(jié)信息。

解答細節(jié)題關鍵抓三點：關鍵詞定位、重要考點定位、順序原則。

細節(jié)題正確選項的特點：對原文信息的同義改寫：語言形式對應、含義對應。

(1)關鍵詞定位：利用題干中的信息回到原文中找到答案出處，題干中可作為關鍵詞的信息通常為：1 大寫專有名詞（人名、地名）；2 數字時間；3 引言；4 本題干中獨特的名詞或名詞詞組。

(2)考點定位：考點是出題人重點出題的熱點信息，通常為：1 四種特殊語言形式：因果、并列、比較、轉折；2 數字串、舉例前或后的結論；3 結論建議性表達。

(3)順序原則：5道題基本按照順序在原文中尋找答案，但主旨題永遠在文章開頭找答案不參與順序原則。

例文2：06年6月24日? ?
Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded – and can come back to haunt (困擾) you – appears to be the key to the finding.

Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.

His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. 1Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接觸) of emailing would make it easier to lie. 2Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practised at that form of communication.

But Hancock says it is also crucial 1whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and 2whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.

People are also more likely to lie in real time – in a instant message or phone call, say – than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脫口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”

Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.

2.Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that __C__.

A) people are less likely to lie in instant messages

B) people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions

C) people are most likely to lie in email communication

D) people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations

分析：以題干中的research finding結合surprised回到原文定位，因為是第2題所以按照順序原則在文章中前部的第3段開頭找到His results和surprised的對應。原文中出現(xiàn)some…others的搭配說明有兩類psychologists，分別是email和face-to-face，在四個選項中都沒有同時包含這二者的，那么就看哪個選項正確的表述了其中之一，AD因為說的是instant messages和phone首先被排除，B選項中的unlikely和原文中的lie more相對立，因此排除，C選項中的most likely對應原文中the biggest，是對原文信息的同義改寫，因此正確。

總結：文章三段中大量出現(xiàn)比較和因果考點，如：the biggest、reasoning、because 、easier 、lie more 、most practised，因此本段被考到的幾率非常大。而且在原文中出現(xiàn)最高級biggest的時候，正確選項也同時出現(xiàn)了對應most likely，語言形式對應。注意關注文章中的重要考點，正確答案的語言形式與原文相對應。

3. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication??? A

A) They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.

B) They believe that honesty is the best policy.

C) They tend to be relaxed when using those media.

D) They are most practised at those forms of communication.

分析：以題干中的tell the truth結合因果詞why回到原文定位，因為是第3題所以按照順序原則在文章中部的第4段找到be afraid to lie的對應。原文中定位句的前一句同時出現(xiàn)轉折But、最高級crucial（the most important）考點，這正是答案出現(xiàn)的明確信號。定位的本句說人們 be afraid to lie也就是tell the truth是因為他們得知這個對話日后會hold them to account使得他們承擔責任,這是對本段開頭Hancock所提出的兩個crucial最重要觀點中的1 being recorded的展開解釋，正確答案A選項中的leaving behind traces對應原文中的recorded。B與原文無關，CD選項是3段那兩類psychologists的觀點，而本題問的是According to the passage本文的觀點，也就是實驗的實施人Hancock的觀點，CD選項尤其是D選項的錯誤率很高，大部分錯選CD的同學都是因為審題不明確，并且是在憑借印象做題，而沒有在文章中找尋明確對應。

總結：關注文章中的重要考點，注意同義替換詞的積累，在09年6月的63題中再次考到了用leave traces同義替換原文3段的recorded。重復的內容反復考，因此要求不斷積累正確選項和原文之間的同義替換。

未完待續(xù)

四級考試閱讀沖刺策略-有效利用真題（2）>>?