雅思考試分為學(xué)術(shù)類（academic）和移民類（general），兩者都包含一篇小作文，一般用20分鐘完成。雅思小作文涉及很多圖表的分析和解析，也是烤鴨們的一個(gè)難過的門檻。

其中，學(xué)術(shù)類圖表作文有5大類，餅圖（pie chart）、線圖（line chart）、柱圖（bar chart）、表圖（table）和流程圖（flow chart），在這五種圖表中，最常考的是前四種。那么我們?nèi)绾卧谟邢薜臅r(shí)間內(nèi)寫出一篇高分的小作文呢？

以下專家將為大家介紹雅思小作文的四個(gè)基本步驟，只要掌握了這四個(gè)步驟，輕松在20分鐘內(nèi)完成150字的小作文將不再是難題。

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一、完美四步走

第一步：改寫題目

在考場上，時(shí)間是最寶貴的，當(dāng)考生拿到作文題目，第一件事就是改寫題目，也就是說小作文的第一段就是改寫題目，考生可以通過同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換在短短的1分鐘內(nèi)就寫好作文的第一段。

舉一個(gè)例子，The graph below shows the percentage of people unable to find work in three major countries from 1983 to 1992.

題目中劃線的單詞都可以進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換, graph—figure, show—illustrate, percentage—proportion, major—key, from…to…—between…and…, 因此考生需要在日常學(xué)習(xí)中多多積累同義詞，有助于更加快速準(zhǔn)確地進(jìn)行同意轉(zhuǎn)化。

第二步：分析時(shí)態(tài)

1. 圖表小作文大部分時(shí)候使用過去時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)槌霈F(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)一般都是以往的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，過去的情形和現(xiàn)在的情形很有可能完全不一樣，因此用過去時(shí)態(tài)比較恰當(dāng)。

例句1: In the 2002 survey, over 75% of respondents with annual incomes above$ 100,000 considered leisure time extremely or very important.

2. 如果圖表里沒有出現(xiàn)任何以往的年度，或者顯示這是過去的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，那么用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)比較理想。

Britain produces 3% of the world’s carbon dioxides emissions----about the same as India, which has 15times as many times as many people.

3. 少數(shù)情況下，圖表作文會出現(xiàn)預(yù)測值，這個(gè)時(shí)候用將來時(shí)態(tài)。

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第三步：分析圖中數(shù)字的含義以及單位

很多同學(xué)由于急于完成文章，所以忽略了對圖中數(shù)據(jù)的分析，比如說，有些題目中會在角落里標(biāo)明百分號和單位，很多同學(xué)沒有注意到，就認(rèn)為圖中的數(shù)字是表示的個(gè)數(shù)或者弄錯單位，這樣整篇文章的分?jǐn)?shù)就會受到很大的影響，因此先不要急于動筆寫，先分析好了，再動筆也不遲。

第四步：通過分析圖表來確定主體段落需要描述哪些信息，并標(biāo)注在圖表上

建議考生在寫作時(shí)，第一句話總結(jié)圖中比較顯著的趨勢或者特征，其余句子按照第四點(diǎn)中所規(guī)定的順序逐句敘述圖表內(nèi)容。主體部分每一個(gè)句子一般有三個(gè)組成部分，分別是文字信息、數(shù)字信息和比較。很多考生習(xí)慣在作文中把數(shù)字逐一讀出，這是不好的習(xí)慣。事實(shí)上，文字信息比數(shù)字信息更為重要，文字信息可以讓讀者清楚了解圖表的主要信息，而數(shù)據(jù)只是起輔助的作用。比較下面的句子：

例如：The average US family had 4.5 people in 1915, 3.3 in 1967 and 2.6 in 2006.

改后句子：

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二、圖表作文范文

曲線圖：

The graph below shows the percentage of people unable to find work in three major countries from 1983 to 1992.

學(xué)習(xí)知識點(diǎn)：“上升和下降”，“平穩(wěn)波動的說法”

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1). the proportion (percentage) of people who were unable to find work decreased from 13% in 1983 to 8% to 1990.

2). The number of? people unable to find work showed a significant decline, accounting for 8% in1990,? compared with 13% in 1983

3). after 7 years of steady decline, the percentage of people unable to work started to rise.

The line graph shows a comparison of unemployment rates in Japan, the United Kingdom and Canada between 1989 and 1992.

In Japan, the percentage of unemployment increased from 2.3%to 3%between 1983 and 1986. After that, the percentage started decreasing with minor fluctuation and returned to the original value in 1992.（第一組：具體談日本的變化趨勢，起末點(diǎn)，最高最低）

In 1983, the percentage of unemployed people was 12% in Canada and 13% in the UK.（起點(diǎn)）These values decreased dramatically and at a constant rate over the next few years.（趨勢）Unemployment reached the lowest percentage in Canada with about 7.7% in 1988-1989, and in the UK with 7% in 1989-1990. （最低點(diǎn)）（介詞短語的并列形式）The unemployment rates of the two countries reaches the same point between 1988 and 1989. And then the figures（替換）started increasing in both countries. In 1992, Canada reached its original value. Meanwhile, UK reached 10%, three points below the original percentage in 1983. （終點(diǎn)）

From the above analysis, the unemployment rate in Japan was more stable than those of UK and Canada.（結(jié)論）

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柱狀圖：

The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1950, 1970, and 1990.

The bar chart represents a contrast in terms of bus, car, bike, foot in years of 1950, 1970 and 1990.

From 1950 to 1990,the percentage of people who travel（替換）by bike and on foot decreased from 27% to 7% and 33% to 10% respectively. Similarly, the percentage of people taking bus dropped after 1970 but increased before that. However, car’s percentage use sharply boomed（增速迅速發(fā)展）year after year.（第一組：柱自身比較）

Traveling by bike or on foot was most popular in 1950, but percentage of car users was far smaller. After two decades, with the decrease of bike users and travelers on foot, bus and car gain a lot of popularity. Bus reached its peak at 27%. In 1970, over one out of three（替換）people drive to and from work.（替換第二組，柱間比較）

All in all, as the economy increases gradually, people prefer to go to work and come home by driving rather than taking bus or walking.

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表格圖：

The table below shows information on income, taxes and prices in five cities around the world. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

This table graph demonstrates a comparison of wages, taxes and rents in five important cities, Athens, Geneva, Hong Kong, London and Tokyo.

Geneva and Tokyo offer the highest average hourly wage, 13 and 12 pounds respectively. Within expectation, the tax as percentage of wage is also high. However, the rent in Tokyo is much more than that in Geneva.

On the contrary, the lowest wages are offered by Hong Kong and Athens, 3 and 4 pounds respectively. It is not surprising that the taxes are correspondingly lower than the rest. The difference between the two cities is the rent, with the lowest 700 pounds in Athens and higher 2400 pounds in Hong Kong.（第二組：工資最高，相似和不同）

With the average rent and wage, London has the highest tax.（其他有特點(diǎn)但未提到的）

In conclusion, in terms of living cost, living in London might harder than the others.（合理推斷）

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餅狀圖：

The two pie charts below show the types of communication used in 1962 and 1982.

The two pie charts demonstrate a comparison in different patterns of communication which were used in 1962 and 1982.

As what has been shown in the two charts, the percentage of letters drastically decreased from 50% in 1962 to 10% in 1982 respectively.

The figures of phone and computer usage, on the contrary, increased correspondingly at a high rate. The percentage of computer communication in 1982 was exactly twice that in 1962. Similarly, the popularity of phone in 1982 can also be suggested by its rise-25% from the original value, 35%.

In conclusion, communication devices, as economy and technology are being enhanced, have changes greatly. High-tech ways will gradually take the place of private and traditional ones.

如果條件允許，建議大家參加雅思作文輔導(dǎo)班，老師會將各種小作文的圖形高分寫法解釋給你聽，你把各種圖形都反復(fù)練，老師幫你修改，提高就會很快，自己也比較省力，更不會走彎路。

以上雅思課程在12.12學(xué)習(xí)趴中均有滬江內(nèi)部福利，索取福利請?zhí)砑佑⒋鬄槲⑿藕糜?，備注說明你想買什么課。

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