有文字記載的古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)從公元前776年開始，在古希臘最著名的宗教祭祀圣地奧林匹亞每4年舉辦一次，到公元393年結(jié)束，共舉辦了293屆，歷時(shí)1169年。古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)主要競(jìng)賽項(xiàng)目有賽跑、摔跤、拳擊、賽馬、賽戰(zhàn)車等10余項(xiàng)。第一位奪得古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)冠軍的是廚師柯諾依波斯，他獲得了第一屆古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)的短跑項(xiàng)目冠軍。公元前4世紀(jì)前后，馬其頓入侵希臘，古代奧林匹亞競(jìng)技會(huì)逐漸衰落。公元前146年，羅馬人征服希臘，競(jìng)技會(huì)變成羅馬帝國的地方性競(jìng)技觀賞會(huì)。公元393年，羅馬皇帝狄羅多西一世立基督教為國教，禁止異教活動(dòng)，奧林匹亞競(jìng)技會(huì)被廢止。公元426年，狄羅多西二世又下令燒毀了奧林匹亞殘存的廟宇。公元522-551年發(fā)生的兩次強(qiáng)烈地震，使奧林匹亞遭到徹底毀滅。

奧運(yùn)會(huì)的舉辦起到了倡導(dǎo)和平的積極作用。為消弭古希臘各城邦之間常常兵戎相見的現(xiàn)象，掌管神殿的祭師們“傳達(dá)”了阿波羅的“神諭”：各城邦長期混戰(zhàn)，忽視了奧林匹亞祭祀活動(dòng)，引起了宙斯的極大憤怒。于是各城邦達(dá)成協(xié)議：在舉行奧林匹亞競(jìng)技會(huì)期間，必須停止一切戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，嚴(yán)禁任何人把武器帶入奧林匹亞地區(qū)；所有道路一律暢通無阻，任人自由往來，不準(zhǔn)侮辱和刁難參加盛會(huì)的人；不準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行偷盜、搶劫、賣淫等不道德的行為。違背規(guī)定的行為被視為對(duì)神靈的背叛，將受到懲罰。這就是著名的“神圣休戰(zhàn)”。它伴隨著古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)延續(xù)了1000多年，并對(duì)現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)會(huì)和國際社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。

拓展閱讀：

The Winter Olympics is also called the White Olympics. At this time, many colorful stamps are published to mark the great Games. The first stamps came out on January 25th, 1932 in the United States for the 3rd White Olympics. From then on, publishing stamps during the White Olympics became a rule.

During the 4th Winter Olympic Games, a group of stamps were published in Germany in November 1936. The five rings of Olympics were drawn on the front of the sportswear. It was the first time that the rings appeared on the stamps of the White Olympics.

In the 1950s, this kind of stamps became more colorful. When the White Olympics came, the host countries as well as the non-host countries published stamps to mark those Games. China also published four stamps in February 1980, when the Chinese sportsmen began to take part in the White Olympics.

Japan is the only Asian country that has ever held the White Olympics. Altogether 14,500 million stamps were sold to raise money for this sports meet.

Different kinds of sports were drawn on these small stamps. People can enjoy the beauty of the wonderful movements of some sportsmen.

1. The White Olympics and the Winter Olympics ______.
A. are the same thing
B. are different games
C. are not held in winter
D. are held in summer

2. The world made it a rule to publish stamps to mark the great world Games ______.
A. after the year 1936
B. after the 3rd White Olympics
C. before the 3rd White Olympics
D. before the year 1932

3. Which of the following is true?
A. Only the host countries can publish stamps to mark those Games.
B. Only the non-host countries can publish stamps to mark those Games.
C. All the countries can publish stamps to mark those Games.
D. Japan can't publish stamps to mark those Games.

4. ______ appear on the stamps of the White Olympics.

5. The Winter Olympics is held once ______.

答案：
1. A
解析：文中第一段指出，冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)也被稱作白色奧運(yùn)會(huì)。
2. B
解析：文中第一段末尾指出，從1932年第三屆冬奧會(huì)之后，發(fā)行郵票紀(jì)念大型的世界性綜合運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)成為一種慣例。
3. C
解析：文中第三段指出，每個(gè)國家都可以發(fā)行郵票來紀(jì)念運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
4. Different kinds of sports
解析：文中最后一段中闡述了郵票上印有不同種類的體育項(xiàng)目。
5. every four years
解析：根據(jù)文中冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)的舉辦時(shí)間可以推斷出，冬奧會(huì)每四年舉辦一次。