舉例作為插入語（顯著詞such as; for example; including etc.）

插入語主要起補(bǔ)充或說明的作用，我們在進(jìn)行快速閱讀的時候通常會把它省略，即忽略不看。但是，筆者在這里要提出的一點是，如果根據(jù)文章問題回原文定位句子時，如果定位的關(guān)鍵句子包含了以上插入語中的任何一種形式，則答案往往就在此處。例如：

原文：Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

考題： Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of
???
A. instrumental support B. informational support

C. social companionship D. the strengthening of self-respect

（1）Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. （2005.1）

翻譯：普通感冒患者的一些典型癥狀，如鼻塞、流鼻涕、喉嚨發(fā)癢，發(fā)作比較緩慢，成人和青少年患者一般不會有發(fā)熱癥狀。

（2）And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. （2005.1）

翻譯：一般來說，流感癥狀包括發(fā)燒、發(fā)冷、喉嚨發(fā)癢、渾身疼痛，比普通感冒的癥狀來得突然和猛烈。

注意：舉例有時可以換成短語，如介詞短語、不定式短語等等；還可以換成有兩個破折號引起的插入語成分。

例如：It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and jounals and to producing video materials on ASL and deaf culture—is having lunch at a café near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution.(2004.6)

時間過了37年?，F(xiàn)在Stoloe致力于撰寫和編輯關(guān)于美國手語和聾啞人文化的書籍和雜志，以及制作相關(guān)的錄像材料。

并列句連用使得句子變長（主謂賓都可以并列）

并列句是四級閱讀理解中的主要句式。出題人會把幾個成分相同的并列句子，通過剔除多余成分從而使其合并為一個很長的句子。

解決方法：破解這樣句子的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚兩個句子的邏輯關(guān)系，補(bǔ)全成分后重新還原為幾個單獨的句子即可。例如：

To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines. (2004.6)

翻譯：對政府來說，更糟糕的是，不久得知的消息是，王妃的安哥拉之行得到過外事辦的批準(zhǔn)，并且她事實上非常了解安哥拉的形勢和英國政府關(guān)于地雷的政策。

相當(dāng)于拆分成三個句子：

(1) To make matters worse for the government

(2) It soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office.

(3) It soon emerged that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines.

多重復(fù)合句疊加

所謂多重復(fù)合句疊加，就是說一個長句子當(dāng)中可能包含了好幾種句式（并列的定語從句、狀語從句、介詞短語等等）。

解決方法：分清主從句，理清句子邏輯關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。通常采用圖表法。例如：

（1）Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. (2006.1)

結(jié)構(gòu)圖：

★①——☆①

○——○——

★②——☆②

說明：

○——○=then there is the general, all covering apology

★①=which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act

★②= and which the person should promise never to do again

☆①= that was particularly hurtful or insulting

☆②= Who is apologizing

顯然，原句子是由有there be引導(dǎo)做主句，后面跟了兩個which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，兩者是并列的。比較特殊的是which定語從句中有各自有一個定語從句，像是一個連環(huán)套。

分解為以下幾個句子：

1.Then there is the general, all covering apology

2.Which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act

3.That was particularly hurtful or insulting

4.And which the person

5.Who is apologizing

6.Should promise never to do again

翻譯：

1.然后就有了一種一般意義的、無所不包的道歉

2.這種道歉避免了一種指明特別行為的必要性

3.特別是讓人傷心或者令人委屈的行為

4.這種道歉使得人們

5.道歉的人們

6.承諾以后不再犯類似的行為

句子整合翻譯：然后還有一種泛泛的無所不包的道歉，這種道歉避免了一種指明特別讓人傷心、特別令人委屈的、道歉者應(yīng)該保證以后不會再犯的具體行為。