專八閱讀訓(xùn)練:Religion and Rationality
詞匯:
1. grace 恩賜,仁慈,感化,感思禱告
2. chide 責(zé)備
3. sentiment 情感
4. inviolate 不受侵犯的,純潔的
5. intent 意義,含義
6. piecemeal 一件件,逐漸的,零碎的
7. bubble up 起泡,沸騰,興奮
8. veer 改變方向,轉(zhuǎn)向
9. abortive 夭折的,失敗的,中斷的,流產(chǎn)的。
10. pale 范圍,界限
11. draught 要求
12. oracle 神諭宣誓,預(yù)言,圣言
13. antidote 解毒藥,矯正方法
14. correlate 相互關(guān)系
15. dislocate 使離開原來位置,打亂正常秩序
16. gratuitous 無償?shù)?,沒有理由的。
17. debauch 使失落,放蕩
18. sanction 支持,鼓勵,認(rèn)可
19. impede 妨礙,制止
20. ineptitude 不恰當(dāng),無能,愚蠢
21. insinuate 暗示
22. remould 重塑,重鑄
23. aspiration 抱負(fù),壯志
24. arrogate 沒來由反把……歸于(to )
25. literal 樸實(shí)的,字面的
26. intelligible 可以理解的。
27. conceit 幻想,奇想
難句譯注:
1. Yet the difference in tome and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks:that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs.
[參考譯文] 可是音調(diào)和語言的差異必然很快的給我們深刻的印象,就象哲學(xué)所說的那樣:那種差異應(yīng)提鄉(xiāng)我們,即使宗教的功能和理性的功能恰好相符的話,其功能也是通過不同的器官在兩種不同的情況下完成的。
2. Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may cometo reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind.
[參考譯文] 另一方面,理性知識一種原則或者是潛在的秩序,我們確實(shí)可以在此基礎(chǔ)上存在于我們心中,沒有種種變化,或任何壓力。
3. We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it unfolds in their?true nature and proportion.
[參考譯文] 不論我們是否遵循理性,它不會催促或責(zé)備我們,除了以事物的本來面目和比例揭示各種事物而自然而然的激起我們的感情,它并不需要我們付出任何感情。
4. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society,science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the foal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims.
[參考譯文] 宗教在其意義上,比社會,科學(xué),藝術(shù)更自覺,更直接的追求“理性生活”,因?yàn)檫@些東西(社會,科學(xué),藝術(shù))暫時而又零星的接近和填補(bǔ)理想的生活,無視目的,也不管其本能的目標(biāo)是否最終證明正確。
5. one and all 各個都,全部
6. Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, to express satisfaction withits results, thanks to a fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind.
[參考譯文] 處于宗教領(lǐng)域范圍之內(nèi)的人民也許會說服自己對其結(jié)果表示滿意,這要感謝他們在結(jié)實(shí)過去和對未來希望寬宏要切上的一種偏愛。可是任何迅速關(guān)注宗教的人,把其成就和理性所要求的一切做一比較,必然感到這種種宗教為全人類作好的失望是實(shí)在太可怕了。
7. To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness.
[參考譯文] 以無理的幻想混淆智力,弄亂正常的情感是一種短視的追求幸福的方法。
8. Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science itought to fulfill.
[參考譯文] 因此,宗教常常會使它要支持的道德墮落淪喪,并妨礙它應(yīng)該執(zhí)行的科學(xué)任務(wù)。
9. The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses.
[參考譯文] 生活的目標(biāo)和條件在宗教中詩一般的呈現(xiàn),但這種詩意往往把宗教所并不具有的樸實(shí)真理和道德威力沒有來由的歸于宗教。
寫作方法與文章大意:
這是一篇用對比手法寫出宗教和理性之差異并著重描述宗教的文章。有各種中焦,理性只有一個,縱然兩者在功能和目的上有不相同之處,但由于宗教以直覺,想象力,情感為主,無視目的,雖比科學(xué),社會或藝術(shù)更自覺,更直接追求理性生活,結(jié)果卻是失敗和失望,而理性則相反。?
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