2024年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試在即,為了幫助同學(xué)們更好地備考六級(jí),@滬江英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)微信公眾號(hào)整理了2024年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)聽力·Section A 長(zhǎng)對(duì)話強(qiáng)化技巧,供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)參考。

Section A 長(zhǎng)對(duì)話該如何應(yīng)對(duì)?

長(zhǎng)對(duì)話為六級(jí)聽力考試的第一部分。

長(zhǎng)對(duì)話在考試中有兩篇,

每篇字?jǐn)?shù)在290~350詞之間,

總的題數(shù)為8道,即每段對(duì)話包含4道小題。

長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的選材一般是關(guān)于工作商務(wù)、校園生活、社會(huì)生活、旅行交通等方面的內(nèi)容。同時(shí),近年來(lái),長(zhǎng)對(duì)話中還出現(xiàn)了人物采訪、座談?lì)惖膱?chǎng)景。此部分句子結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容不太復(fù)雜,而且用詞也不難,但是十分口語(yǔ)化,這就要求考生必須結(jié)合語(yǔ)氣、語(yǔ)調(diào)、習(xí)語(yǔ)等各種因素去理解對(duì)話的內(nèi)容,在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)聽懂題目并選準(zhǔn)答案。

四大常考場(chǎng)景

No.1 社會(huì)生活

社會(huì)生活類題材,一般是圍繞某個(gè)社會(huì)話題展開,說(shuō)話者雙方談?wù)摳髯詫?duì)該話題的理解與看法,從而觸及某一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或者揭示某一問(wèn)題。一般涉及的情景包括時(shí)尚購(gòu)物、休閑娛樂(lè)、家庭生活和社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)等。

No.2 校園生活

校園生活指在校園內(nèi)的一些話題,這類題材與學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活密切相關(guān)。它可能會(huì)涉及到專業(yè)的選擇、課程與教學(xué)情況、宿舍的管理、作業(yè)或論文、假期安排、學(xué)生中普遍存在的現(xiàn)象、師生對(duì)話或者學(xué)習(xí)中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題等。

No.3 職場(chǎng)工作

職場(chǎng)工作類題材主要涉及求職、招聘、面試,以及工作安排或在工作中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題等方面的內(nèi)容。而一般在聽力考試中,職場(chǎng)工作類題材的情景設(shè)置多以招聘、面試、工作安排、工作交流以及兼職為主。

No.4 新聞采訪

新聞采訪類題材主要是指之聲報(bào)道和電視報(bào)道,所涉及的報(bào)道內(nèi)容較為廣泛,其中尤以社會(huì)問(wèn)題和政治事件為主,而且多為時(shí)事報(bào)道和人物采訪。

四大設(shè)題點(diǎn)

No.1 開頭設(shè)題處

如果將長(zhǎng)對(duì)話比作一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),那么開頭處歷來(lái)是兵家必爭(zhēng)之地,并且長(zhǎng)對(duì)話開頭部分一般會(huì)涉及全文主旨

例1:What is the purpose of Doctor Jarvis Bastian’s experiment?

A) To test how responsive dolphins are to various signals.

B) To examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill.

C) To find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the male one.

D) To see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other.

原文: W: One of the most interesting experiments with dolphins must be one done by Doctor Jarvis Bastian. What he tried to do was to teach a male dolphin called Bass and a female called Doris to communicate with each other across a solid barrier.

答案:D)。對(duì)話開頭女士指出,Jarvis Bastian博士所做試驗(yàn)的目的就是訓(xùn)練雄海豚Bass和雌海豚Doris隔著固體障礙物進(jìn)行交流,故D)為答案。

No.2 信息集中處設(shè)題

談話雙方交談最熱烈的地方往往也是設(shè)題的熱點(diǎn)所在,并且因?yàn)槠湫畔⑤^集中,往往會(huì)多次設(shè)題。因此要注意除了做好聽音前的預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)、聽音時(shí)的適當(dāng)筆記外,還需要對(duì)整個(gè)對(duì)話有較好的把握,在細(xì)節(jié)信息集中的地方認(rèn)真聆聽。

例2:What were the dolphins supposed to do when they saw the steady light?

A) Press the right-hand lever first. ? ??

B) Produce the appropriate sound.

C) Raise their heads above the water.

D) Swim straight into the same tank.

原文:W: Well, first of all, he kept the two dolphins together in the same tank and taught them to press levers whenever they saw a light. The levers were fitted to the side of the tank next to each other. If the light flashed on and off several times, the dolphins were supposed to press the left-hand lever followed by the right-hand one. If the light was kept steady, the dolphins were supposed to press the levers in reverse order. Whenever they responded correctly, they were rewarded with fish.

答案:A)。對(duì)話中女士指出,如果出現(xiàn)燈閃,海豚會(huì)先按左邊的杠桿,然后按右邊的杠桿;如果燈持續(xù)亮著,則是相反的順序,即先右后左,故A)為答案。

No.3 對(duì)整個(gè)對(duì)話的理解設(shè)題

主要考查對(duì)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的整體理解。通常提問(wèn)談話人主要交談了什么內(nèi)容,或某一方的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或行動(dòng)。

這類題的解題依據(jù)主要有四點(diǎn):

一是根據(jù)對(duì)話的開頭判斷該對(duì)話的主要內(nèi)容;

二是根據(jù)對(duì)話的結(jié)尾判斷對(duì)話的主題;

三是根據(jù)對(duì)話中多次出現(xiàn)的主要信息做合理的判斷;

四是通過(guò)預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行合理的推理排除。

例3:How did the second stage of the experiment differ from the first stage?

A) Both dolphins were put in the same tank. ?

B) The male dolphin received more rewards. ?

C) Only one dolphin was able to see the light.

D) The lever was beyond the dolphins’ reach.

原文:W: Well, that was the first stage. In the second stage, Doctor Bastian separated the dolphins into two tanks. They could still hear one another, but they couldn’t actually see each other. The levers and light were set up in exactly the same way except that this time it was only Doris who could see the light indicating which lever to press first. But in order to get their fish, both dolphins had to press the levers in the correct order. This meant of course that Doris had to tell Bass whether it was a flashing light or whether it was a steady light.

答案:C)。對(duì)話中女士提出,在試驗(yàn)的第二階段,兩只海豚被分別放在不同的水箱里,燈光和杠桿保持不變,但只有Doris能夠看到燈光指示信號(hào),故C)為答案。

No.4 結(jié)尾處設(shè)題

同對(duì)話開頭處一樣,結(jié)尾處也是設(shè)題的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。結(jié)尾處經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)某一方的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或?qū)?lái)的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃,因此結(jié)尾處也是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的設(shè)題點(diǎn)。

三大高分技巧

No.1 注意總結(jié)場(chǎng)景詞匯

聽力考試遵循真實(shí)的原則,即考試的材料是現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中真實(shí)發(fā)生的場(chǎng)景。因此我們?cè)诰毩?xí)的時(shí)候,做完一篇對(duì)話的試題后,一定要總結(jié)一下場(chǎng)景詞匯,做個(gè)記錄,以后再遇到類似場(chǎng)景,就有了相關(guān)詞匯基礎(chǔ)和知識(shí)背景,聽起來(lái)就會(huì)輕松得多。同時(shí),如果發(fā)現(xiàn)同一場(chǎng)景下的新詞匯,還可以添加進(jìn)去。經(jīng)過(guò)一定的練習(xí),大家會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),聽力對(duì)話的場(chǎng)景不是毫無(wú)規(guī)律的,有一些場(chǎng)景是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的。

No.2 聽前瀏覽選項(xiàng),合理預(yù)測(cè)

培養(yǎng)聽前利用播放答題指令的時(shí)間快速瀏覽選項(xiàng)的能力,這樣做有兩個(gè)作用:一是可以帶著對(duì)問(wèn)題的猜測(cè)去聽錄音,增強(qiáng)聽音的目的性和對(duì)相關(guān)信息的敏感度;二是可以利用我們上面提到的場(chǎng)景詞匯推測(cè)對(duì)話的內(nèi)容。

No.3 利用一些常識(shí)和潛在規(guī)律來(lái)猜題

我們?cè)趹?yīng)考時(shí)要想方設(shè)法多答對(duì)試題,對(duì)于那些在考場(chǎng)上無(wú)法完全聽懂對(duì)話內(nèi)容的考生,以下這些常識(shí)和潛在規(guī)律就比較有用。其實(shí),所謂的潛在規(guī)律就是那些由應(yīng)試高手總結(jié)的、未必科學(xué)卻很實(shí)用的答題方法。

(1) 符合生活常識(shí)和積極向上的選項(xiàng)可能是答案。

例4:What did the woman threaten to do?

A) File a lawsuit against the man. ?

B) Ask the man for compensation. ?

C) Have the man’s apple tree cut down.

D) Throw garbage into the man’s yard.

本題問(wèn)的是女士威脅要去做什么。我們可以做出如下分析:B)“要求男士賠償”,從常理上來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)該是合理的,但還稱不上是威脅;C)“把男士的蘋果樹砍倒”和D)“往男士的院子里扔垃圾”往往是失去理智時(shí)才做出的事情,可以排除;而A)“將男士訴諸法院”的做法則較為合適,既符合常理,又能從一定程度上對(duì)當(dāng)事人造成威懾,故A)最有可能是答案。

(2) 對(duì)于涉及對(duì)話全文的試題,概括性強(qiáng)的選項(xiàng)可能是答案。

例5:What lesson could be drawn from the accident?

A) Accurate communication is of utmost importance.

B) Pilots should be able to speak several foreign languages.

C) Air controllers should keep a close watch on the weather.

D) Cooperation between pilots and air controllers is essential.

本題問(wèn)的是從這個(gè)事故中可以吸取什么教訓(xùn)。這涉及對(duì)對(duì)話全文的理解,所以我們就應(yīng)該找概括性較強(qiáng)的選項(xiàng)。B)首先不符合常理,其次也屬于細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題,可以排除;空中交通管制員要密切關(guān)注天氣情況,這屬于職責(zé)范圍之內(nèi),說(shuō)法過(guò)于具體,所以可以排除;C)飛行員和空中交通管制員相互配合的重要性也無(wú)可非議,因此也可排除D),故A)最有可能是答案。