過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)刻，到那個(gè)時(shí)刻，該動(dòng)作可能剛剛終止，也有可能還在繼續(xù)。

形式

had been + V-ing形式

用法

1. 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去的時(shí)間的關(guān)系，可以用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)表示，也可以通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。例如：

By the end of last month they had been working here for about ten days. 到上個(gè)月為止，他們?cè)谶@里工作大約有十天了。

She said that she had been listening to radio after school. 她說(shuō)她放學(xué)后一直在聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。

2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，但其結(jié)果仍然影響到過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻。例如：

It had been raining and the street was still wet. 天一直在下雨，街道仍然很濕。

3. 像 work、study、stay、sing、teach等延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，用過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，通常強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性和不間斷性。例如：

She had been studying for two hours when her classmate came to visit her. 當(dāng)她的同學(xué)來(lái)看她的時(shí)候，她學(xué)習(xí)有兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。

4. 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某時(shí)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如：

I was writing a letter when she came to see me. 當(dāng)她來(lái)看我時(shí)我正在寫信。

I had been writing a letter for two hours by the time she came to see me. 當(dāng)她來(lái)看我的時(shí)候，我已經(jīng)寫了兩個(gè)小時(shí)的信了。

5. 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的不同。過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，這個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間可以用by，before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示；或者表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成。例如：

They had just had breakfast when Tom came in. 湯姆來(lái)時(shí)，他們剛吃過(guò)早飯。

They had been having breakfast for ten minutes when Tom came in. 湯姆來(lái)時(shí)，他們已經(jīng)吃了十分鐘的早飯了。