在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中,倒裝句是一種常見(jiàn)的句型結(jié)構(gòu),通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)、修辭或避免重復(fù)等目的。倒裝句的構(gòu)成方式是將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前,以改變句子的語(yǔ)序。本文將介紹英語(yǔ)中的12種常見(jiàn)倒裝句類型,并提供相應(yīng)的例句。

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一、全部倒裝

1. 完全倒裝

完全倒裝是將句子的整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前。這種倒裝通常用于疑問(wèn)句或某些特殊情況下的陳述句。

例句:

  • Never had I seen such a beautiful sunset.
  • Rarely do we encounter such kindness.

2. 部分倒裝

部分倒裝是將句子中的部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前,通常用于含有否定詞或否定詞組的句子中。

例句:

  • Not only does he play the piano, but he also sings beautifully.
  • Hardly had I begun my work when the phone rang.

二、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞倒裝

3. 表語(yǔ)倒裝

表語(yǔ)倒裝是將系動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)之間的順序顛倒,通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中。

例句:

  • Tall is he, but his brother is short.
  • Happy are those who appreciate the small things in life.

4. 助動(dòng)詞倒裝

助動(dòng)詞倒裝是將助動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)之間的順序顛倒,通常用于祈使句或以否定詞開(kāi)頭的句子中。

例句:

  • Never have I been so insulted!
  • Rarely does she complain about her workload.

三、主語(yǔ)倒裝

5. there be 倒裝

there be 結(jié)構(gòu)表示某處存在某物或某種情況,當(dāng)句子以這種結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)頭時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)之間會(huì)倒裝。

例句:

  • There were many people at the party last night.
  • There is a cat sleeping on the sofa.

6. here 倒裝

類似于 there be 結(jié)構(gòu),句子以 here 開(kāi)頭時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)之間也會(huì)倒裝。

例句:

  • Here comes the bus!
  • Here is your coffee, as requested.

四、狀語(yǔ)倒裝

7. 副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)倒裝

當(dāng)句子以表示地點(diǎn)的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)之間會(huì)倒裝。

例句:

  • Up the hill came the tired hikers.
  • In the corner sits a dusty old lamp.

8. 介詞短語(yǔ)倒裝

類似于副詞倒裝,介詞短語(yǔ)也可以在句首引導(dǎo)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

例句:

  • In the garden grew beautiful roses.
  • At the top of the mountain stood a majestic castle.

五、祈使句倒裝

9. 祈使句倒裝

祈使句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常放在主語(yǔ)之前,以表示命令、請(qǐng)求或建議等。

例句:

  • Out of the car, everyone!
  • Be quiet, please!

六、虛擬條件句倒裝

10. 虛擬條件句倒裝

在虛擬條件句中,如果句首有狀語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞會(huì)與主語(yǔ)之間倒裝。

例句:

  • Had I known earlier, I would have come to help.
  • Were she to win the lottery, she would travel the world.

七、比較句倒裝

11. 比較句倒裝

在比較句中,為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或?qū)Ρ葍蓚€(gè)事物,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)之間會(huì)倒裝。

例句:

  • So beautiful was the landscape that it took my breath away.
  • Little did she know how much her words would hurt him.

八、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)倒裝

12. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)倒裝

當(dāng)句子以表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)之間會(huì)倒裝。

例句:

  • At no time did he apologize for his mistake.
  • In the afternoon, off they went for a picnic.

通過(guò)了解這些不同類型的倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)及其例句,我們可以更好地理解和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)中的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),豐富語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的方式,提高語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性和地道性。

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