動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中非?；A(chǔ)的知識(shí)內(nèi)容，也是非常重要的內(nèi)容。它涉及的的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)包括時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等，是我們寫對(duì)英語(yǔ)句子的根基。如果你還不太了解的話，如果你也感興趣的話，今天就跟著我們一起來(lái)看看吧!

英語(yǔ)中有許多不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，它們不能簡(jiǎn)單通過(guò)加ed來(lái)獲得過(guò)去式。

★記憶法一：常見93個(gè)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)律歸納如下：

一、A—A—A型，即原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞三者都相同。(共9個(gè))

cost—cost—cost

cut—cut—cut

hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt

let—let— let

put—put—put

read—read—read

set—set—set

shut—shut—shut

二、A—B—B型，即過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞相同。(共41個(gè))

1 過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都含有 -ought。(3個(gè))

bring—brought—brought

buy— bought—bought

think—thought—thought

2 詞尾有-ild，-end時(shí)，只需把d變?yōu)閠。(4個(gè))

build—built—built

lend—lent—lent

send—sent—sent

spend—spent—spent

3 過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都含有-aught。(2個(gè))

catch—caught—caught

teach—taught—taught

4 把-eep變?yōu)?ept。(3個(gè))

keep—kept—kept

sleep—slept—slept

sweep— swept—swept

5 把-ell變?yōu)?old。(2個(gè))

tell—told—told

sell—sold—sold

6 過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都含有-elt或-ilt。(4個(gè))

smell—smelt—smelt

spell—spelt—spelt

feel—felt— felt

spill—spilt—spilt

7 過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都在原形詞尾加t。(3個(gè))

learn—learnt—learnt

mean—meant—meant

spoil—spoilt—spoilt

8 過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞詞尾是d。(4個(gè))

say—said—said

pay—paid—paid

lay—laid—laid

hear—heard—heard

9 改變?cè)糇帜浮?11個(gè))

meet—met—met

get—got—got

sit—sat—sat

find— found—found

hold—held—held

spit—spat—spat

shine— shone—shone

win—won—won

hang—hung—hung

dig— dug—dug

lose—lost—lost

10 改變輔音字母。(1個(gè))

make—made—made

11 改變?cè)?、輔音字母。(4個(gè))

leave—left—left

stand—stood—stood

have(has)— had—had

understand—understood—understood

三、A—B—C型，即原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都不相同。(共35個(gè))

1 i—a—u變化。(6個(gè))

begin—began—begun

drink—drank—drunk

sing—sang—sung

ring—rang—rung

swim—swam—swum

sink—sank—sunk

2 詞尾為-ow，-aw時(shí)，過(guò)去式將其變?yōu)?ew，過(guò)去分詞在其原形后加n。(5個(gè))

blow—blew—blown

draw—drew—drawn

grow— grew—grown

know—knew—known

throw—threw—thrown(show除外)

3 詞尾為“i+輔(1個(gè))+e”，過(guò)去式將i變?yōu)閛，過(guò)去分詞多在原形后加n，若那個(gè)輔音字母為d或t，須雙寫d或t后加n。(4個(gè))(give，hide除外)

drive—drove—driven

write—wrote—written

ride—rode—ridden

rise—rose—risen

4 過(guò)去分詞在過(guò)去式后加(e)n。(5個(gè))

break—broke—broken

choose—chose—chosen

freeze—froze—frozen

speak—spoke—spoken

wake—woke—woken

5 過(guò)去分詞由過(guò)去式加-ten構(gòu)成。(1個(gè))

forget—forgot—forgotten

6 過(guò)去分詞由原形加(e)n構(gòu)成。(6個(gè))

be—was(were)—been

eat—ate—eaten

fall—fell—fallen

give—gave—given

see—saw—seen

hide—hid—hidden(hid)

7 詞尾為-ake時(shí)，過(guò)去式將其變?yōu)?ook，過(guò)去分詞在原形詞后加-n。(2個(gè))

take—took—taken

mistake—mistook—mistaken

8 原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都不相同。(6個(gè))

do—did—done

fly—flew—flown

go—went—gone

lie—lay—lain

show—showed—shown

wear—wore—worn

四、A—A—B型，即過(guò)去式和原形相同。(1個(gè))

beat—beat—beaten

五、A—B—A型，即過(guò)去分詞和原形相同。(3個(gè))

come—came—come

become—became—become

run—ran—run

六、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞型，只有原形和過(guò)去式，沒(méi)有過(guò)去分詞。(4個(gè))

can—could

may—might

will—would

shall—should

★記憶法二：它們不是雜亂無(wú)章的，可根據(jù)其中的一些內(nèi)部規(guī)律來(lái)記憶。

一、 原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞相同：

cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut

(細(xì)心的你一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些詞中大多數(shù)是以字母t結(jié)尾的。)

二、 原形、過(guò)去式相同，過(guò)去分詞不同：

beat/beat/beaten

三、 原形、過(guò)去分詞相同，過(guò)去式不同：

come/came/come;become/became/become;run/ran/run

(come，become，屬不規(guī)則變化，但welcome屬規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞為：welcomed，welcomed)

四、 過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞相同：

(1) 去掉字母組合ee中的一個(gè)e

meet/met/met;feed/fed/fed

(2) 去掉字母組合ee中的一個(gè)e,然后再在詞尾加t

feel/felt/felt;sleep/slept/slept

keep/kept/kept;sweep/swept/swept

(3) 詞尾為的ll，去掉一個(gè)l加t;

spell/spelt/spelt;smell/smelt/smelt;spill/spilt/spilt

(4) 過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞以aught或ought結(jié)尾

catch/caught/caught;teach/taught/taught bring/brought/brought

buy/bought/bought;think/thought/thought

(5) 將stand改為stood

stand/stood/stood;understand/understood/understood

(6) 將ay改為aid

lay/laid/laid;pay/paid/paid;say/said/said

(7) 將d改為t

lend/lent/lent;send/sent/sent

spend/spent/spent;build/built/built

(8) 將i改為a , o, u等

sit/sat/sat;spit/spat/spat

dig/dug/dug;win/won/won

(9) 將ell改為old

tell/told/told;sell/sold/sold

(10) 詞尾加t

learn/learnt/learnt;mean/meant/meant

dream/dreamt/dreamt;spoil/spoilt/spoilt

(11) 有兩種過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞, 一種是不規(guī)則的, 一種是規(guī)則的：

learn/learnt/learnt;learn/learned/learned

shine/shone/shone;shine/shined/shined

hang/hung/hung;hang/hanged/hanged

smell/smelt/smelt;smell/smelled/smelled

burn/burnt/burnt;burn/burned/burned

light/lii/lit;light/lighted/lighted

(12) 其它

have(has)/had/had;hear/heard/heard

shoot/shot/shot;lose/lost/lost

hold/held/held;get/got/got(AmE gotten)

find/found/found;make/made/made

leave/left/left

五、三者均不同：

(1) 過(guò)去式以ew結(jié)尾、過(guò)去分詞以own結(jié)尾

blow/blew/blown;fly/flew/flown

grow/grew/grown;know/knew/known

throw/threw/thrown

值得注意的是:

show/showed/shown或showed;draw/drew/drawn

(2)改i為a變成過(guò)去式、改i為u變成過(guò)去分詞

begin/began/begun;drink/drank/drunk

ring/rang/rung;sing/sang/sung

swim/swam/swum;sink/sank/sunk

(3)改i為o變成過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞以n結(jié)尾

drive/drove/driven;write/wrote/written

rise/rose/risen;ride/rode/ridden

(4) 原形后加n變成過(guò)去分詞

drive/drove/driven;rise/rose/risen;eat/ate/eaten

give/gave/given;fall/fell/fallen

(5) 過(guò)去式后加n變成過(guò)去分詞

break/broke/broken;choose/chose/chosen

freeze/froze/frozen;mistake/mistook/mistaken

steal/stole/stolen;speak/spoke/spoken

take/took/taken;wake/woke/woken(或woke)

(6)其它

be/was或were/been;do/did/done;forget/forgot/forgotten

go/went/gone;hide/hid/hidden;see/saw/seen; wear/wore/worn

六、 有兩種過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞，但詞義相同。

wake/woke/woken(或woke);wake/waked/waked

sink/sank/sunk;sink/sunk/sunken

七、動(dòng)詞因其過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞有兩種形式而產(chǎn)生不同詞義：

shine、hang的兩種過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞：

shone/shone照耀;shined/shined擦亮

hung/hung懸掛;hanged/hanged絞死

八、兩個(gè)既可以做過(guò)去式，又可以做動(dòng)詞原形的詞

lie 躺臥 lay/lain/lying(現(xiàn)在分詞)

lay 放，下蛋 laid/laid/laying

find 找到、發(fā)現(xiàn) find/found/found

found 創(chuàng)建，成立 found/founded/founded

九、根據(jù)動(dòng)詞之間的詞義聯(lián)系來(lái)記憶

(一)詞義相對(duì)：

(1) come/came/come來(lái)—— go/went/gone去

(2) give/gave/given給——get/got/got(AmE gotten)獲得

(3) sleep/slept/slept睡覺(jué)—wake/woke/woken (或woke)

或wake/waked/waked 醒來(lái)

(4) rise/rose/risen上升、上漲、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下

sink/sank/sunk;sink/sunk/sunken 沉下, (使)下沉

(5) buy/bought/bought買—— sell/sold/sold出售, 賣

(6) take/took/taken帶去——bring/brought/brought 帶來(lái)

(7) teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt

或learn/learned/learned學(xué)習(xí)、學(xué)會(huì)

(8) lose/lost/lost丟失、失敗——find/found/found找到

win/won/won贏得、(獲)勝

(9) stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐

(10) send/sent/sent 送、寄、發(fā)送——get/got/got獲得、收到

(二)詞義相近：

(1) beat/beat/beaten 打, 打敗;win/won/won贏得、獲勝

(2) understand/understood/understood 懂, 了解

know/knew/known 知道, 了解, 認(rèn)識(shí)

(3) get/got/got(AmE gotten)變成、成為、變得

become/became/become 變成, 成為, 變得

go/went/gone變成turn/turned/turned變成

(4) spend/spent/spent 花費(fèi)、度過(guò)

pay/paid/paid 支付、交納

cost/cost/cost花費(fèi)、價(jià)值為

take/took/taken花費(fèi)

(5) say/said/said說(shuō)、講

speak/spoke/spoken說(shuō)、演講

tell/told/told 告訴、說(shuō)、吩咐、斷定

talk/talked/talked談話, 講, 談?wù)? 議論

★記憶法三：

1.無(wú)變化，過(guò)去式與原形相同。

let→let, put→put, hit→hit, must→must, set→set, beat→beat, cast→cast, cost→cost, cut→cut, hurt→hurt, read→red, shut→shut

(shed→shed split→split spread→spread burst→burst)

2.元音字母的變化。

i→a: begin→began, drink→drank, ring→rang, sing→sang, swim→swam, give→gave, sit→sat, sink→sank

i→o: drive→drove, ride→rode, shine→shone, write→wrote, rise→rose, win→won,

(strive→strove arise→arose)

i→ou: find→found (wind→wound, bind→bound, grind→ground)

a→oo: take→took, shake→shook

e→o: get→got, forget→forgot

o→a: come→came, become→became

oo→o: shoot→shot, choose→chose

3.元音字母組合的變化。

aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew, blow→blew, grow→grew, know→knew, throw→threw, fly→flew

4.元音字母和輔音字母都有變化。

(1) sell→sold, tell→told, retell→retold

(2) say→said, pay→paid, lay→laid, relay→relaid

(3) sweep→swept, keep→kept, sleep→slept, creep→crept

(4) bring→brought, buy→bought, think→thought, fight→fought

(5) catch→caught, teach→taught

(6) can→could, will→would, shall→should

5.輔音字母變化。

(1)build→built, send→sent, bend→bent, lend→lent, rend→rent, spend→spent

(2)make→made, have→had, hear→heard

(3)mean→meant, learn→learnt

上述內(nèi)容大家都了解清楚了嗎?如果你也想了解線上英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)推薦，如果您對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)感興趣，想要深入學(xué)習(xí)，可以了解滬江網(wǎng)校精品課程，量身定制高效實(shí)用的個(gè)性化學(xué)習(xí)方案，專屬督導(dǎo)全程伴學(xué)，掃一掃領(lǐng)200暢學(xué)卡。