SECTION 5: READING TEST (30minutes)

Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN? complete sentences the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Questions 1~3 http://tr.hjenglish.com
????? It? wasn't? the abduction? of his 70-year-old? grandmother? that? led Alberto Peisach to? leave Colombia. Nor was it the 1997murder of his brother-in -law during a botched kidnap attempt. It was the planned abduction of his 6-year-old son that finally persuaded the Ivy League-educated entrepreneur? to pack his bags in less than 24hours and head to Miami with his wife and kids. Peisach has carved out a niche for himself in south Florida as the head of a $100 million private equity found. "A lot? of my? friends took bets on how? soon I'd be back home, but? 80percent? of them? have? left,"? says? Peisach.? "The? Colombia? that? I? grew? up? in? doesn't? exist? anymore,? and anybody who's had a choice has left." http://tr.hjenglish.com

????? Alarmed by a slumping economy and the ever-present? menace of kidnapping, Colombia's best and brightest are leaving in droves. Some have settled in Spain and nearby Latin American countries, but nowhere is the exodus quite as visible as in Miami. The city's 70,000 Colombians recently? overtook? Nicaraguans? as the? largest? immigrant? community? after? Cubans.? Legions? of professionals are moving into affluent? suburbs. Membership? of Commerce has doubled in just the? past? 18months.? The? big? winner??? from? the? brain? drain? is? south? Florida. "Colombians are basically subsidizing Miami," says political scientist Eduardo Gamarra.

????? Last? year's? U.S.? census? counted? 470,000? residents? of? Colombian? origin? nationwide,? but some experts put the figure closer? to 600,000. The first? significant wave of immigration dates back to the? 1950s, when? a brutal civil war? forced tens? of thousands to flee. Their ranks were bolstered in the 1980s by Colombians escaping the lawlessness associated with the rise of major drug cartels. But most of those earlier migrants bypassed Florida in favor of New York and New Jersey. Relatively? few brought? with them the First? World-caliber? education? and? experience of their recently arrived countrymen.

???? Not? all? transplants? can? be? classified? as? refugees.? Miami's? unofficial? reputation? as Latin America's economic and showbiz capital has lured celebrities like pop diva Shakira and actress Sofia? Vergara.?? And??? some?drug?traffickers are? trying? to? blend?? in? with?their law-abiding countrymen to escape detection by authorities.

????? But many more are escaping the anarchy of a land where eight people are kidnapped and nearly? 100 are murdered on average every single day. Abel Meza Montoya was beaten up and left for dead by men identifying themselves as supporters of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia after the pool-hall owner refused to pay them? protection money I April.The 55-year-old father of six ignored their warnings at first, but in June Meza finally fled the country with his youngest daughter.

????? The plight of such ordinary folks has inspired a two-year campaign to legalize an estimated 95,000 Colombians living illegally in America. Community leaders argue that these Colombians fear for their lives back home and? should qualify for temporary protected status, a short-term reprieve from deportation.? Clinton-administration officials brushed aside those pleas.But activists have enlisted the support of nearly 40 U.S. politicians in their continuing effort to buy some time for their countrymen. "There is a war being waged against civilians in Colombia financed by the sale of illicit drugs," says Juan Carlos Zapata of the Miami- based Colombian American Service Association. "As the world's biggest consumer of narcotics, the United States has a moral obligation to grant this relief." Having left their? country because of politics, many Colombians? show? little? inclination? to? challenge? the? Cuban? stranglehold? on? power? in? Miami. "People who come here are low profile," explains Isaac Lee, former editor of the respected news magazine? Seaman. who moved to Miami? last? year.? "They? want? to live peacefully." And? for these Colombians and thousands more clamoring to follow in their footsteps, Miami is the best alternative to a country that no longer offers security or hope.

1.Why does the author give the example of Alberto Peisach at the beginning of the passage?
2. Introduce briefly the three waves of Colombian immigration since the 1950S.
3. Give a brief explanation of political scientist Eduardo Gamarra' s comment that "Colombians
are basically subsidizing Miami."

Question 4~6
????? E.O. Wilson's? scientific? contributions? began? early.? He? was? 13 when? he? discovered,? in? a vacant lot near the docks of Mobile, Ala., the first known U.S. colonies of fire ants, Solenopsis invicta, invaders from Brazil and Argentina known in the South as "the ants from hell."

????? As an assistant professor at Harvard in the late 1950s, he proposed the radical notion that ant societies are bound together by an elaborate system of chemical signals.

????? Meanwhile, Wilson was blazing? other? trails. Fascinated by ant? societies, he began? seeing parallels in the socials interactions of birds, lions, monkeys, apes and even humans. In a? 1975 book audaciously titled Sociobiology: The New Synthesis, he charted in evolutionary terms the social architecture of a wide range of species-their breeding behavior, gender? dominance, caste systems. "In a Darwinian sense," Wilson wrote, "the organism does not live for itself. Its primary function? is not? even to reproduce? other? organisms; it reproduces? genes, and it? serves as their temporary carrier."? Wilson's?? Sociobiology??was?at? once?? enormously?? influential and hugely controversial. Its? first? 26? chapters, which? dealt with the? social? systems? of? nonhuman? species, were? widely? praised? as? one? of? the? century's? signal? scientific achievements.? Its? 27th? chapter, which? applied the? same? analysis? to? human? behavior? and? culture,? was? harshly-and? sometimes violently-attacked. Despite the mixed reaction, Wilson in this and subsequent books-culmination with Promethean Fire (1983)-accomplished something few scientists can claim. He established a new field as science. It is known to this day as sociobiology.

????? By that? time, however, Wilson? had moved on. Drawing? from his? deep knowledge? of the earth's? "little? creatures"? and? his? sense? that? their? contribution? to? the? planet's? ecology is under appreciated, he produced what may be his most important book, The Diversity of Life（1992）. In 424? pages? he? describes? how? an? intricately? interconnected? natural? system? is? threatened by a manmade biodiversity crisis he calls the "sixth extinction"—the most? devastating trauma since the extinction event that laid waste the dinosaurs and other creatures 65 million years ago.

????? He notes in Diversity that the 1.5 million species named so far by scientists represent only a tiny fraction of the tens of millions that may be out there. Wilson's prediction that 30%to 50%of all species would be extinct by the middle of the 21st century was meant to provoke—and it did. Critics? rej ected? the? estimate? as? another? one? of? his? flamboyant? speculations.? But? subsequent research has supported it. From the perspective of the biodiversity scientist, virtually all the signs are bad.

????? How can human society transform itself? How can we become stewards of the living world? To Wilson, what is requited is a new convergence of thought and ethics comparable to the Age of Enlightenment of the 17th and 18th? centuries. Now, at 72, E.O. Wilson? is a senior doyen of science and, by his own admission, moving irresistibly into what he calls" the literary realm." It's not? a? bad place? for? him? to be. Wilson? has produced? a? scientific? masterpiece? in? nearly every decade? of? his? life.? And? in? this? time? of? crisis,? our? planet? has? never? had more need for the observations and intuition of one of the world's great naturalists.

4. Give a brief introduction of E.O. Wilson and his research fields.
5. Why is Wilson's work Sociobiology "hugely controversial"? What is his main theory?
6. What is the major theme of his book The Diversity of Life? http://tr.hjenglish.com

Questions 7~10 http://tr.hjenglish.com
????? Think? of yourself flying across the country. An? engine? starts sputtering; cause? for? alarm, sure, but the pilot does that folksy number—"Aw, shucks, little problem here"—and assures you the others can take the strain. Then a second engine goes out; the sweat trickles down your neck, but your reckon you'll make it to the ground safely. But if the third, and then the fourth, flame out

????? The? global economy? hasn't? crashed? just yet. But a world—wide? slowdown? is giving analysts everywhere a bad case of the jitters. The key reason: this, says Robert Hormats, vice chairman of Goldman Sachs International, is "the first synchronized downturn since the 1980s," when? high? interest? rates? squeezed? the? world? economy like? an? orange.? During? the? last? U.S. recession,? 10years ago, Europe was in its post—cold war euphoria, while the Asian economies were the stuff of miracle. By the time a financial crisis declared the Asian tigers in? 1997—98, the U.S. economy was in the middle of its technology boom.

????? This time around, both the U.S. and German economies are flatlining, while that of Japan continues its slow, downward spiral. The Japanese unemployment rate has risen to 5%, while the Nikkei stock market index last week touched lows not seen since? 1984. The world's three most powerful engines are out ofjuice. Worry. http://tr.hjenglish.com

????? Why? are this year's? economic woes? so widespread? Blame? globalization, the? increase? in cross—border trade and investment, that has bound the world economy closer together than ever before. In good times, globalization spreads the wealth. The? astonishing growth of the? U.S. economy in the lat? 1990s spilled over into countries from Taiwan (which makes the microchips that? power your computer) to Ireland (a prime destination for? U.S. firms?? outsourcing manufacturing). But? globalization, it turns out, has a reverse? gear. Once it was plain—by? last winter—that? technology? firms had vastly? overestimated? demand, the? consequent? retrenchment spread far beyond the Bay Area. Last week, for example, Baltimore Technologies, the j ewel in Ireland's high—tech sector, slashedjobs in an effort to achieve profitability.

????? Signs of global recession inevitably conjure up thoughts of the last time the whole world went to hell in a hand basket: the Great Depression of the 1930s.In truth, we're a long way from breadlines, and policymakers understand the forces that move the economy today much better than? they? did then. But? one? lesson? of the? 1930s? is worth? remembering. In? an?interconnected world, points out Jeffrey Garter, dean of the Yale school of management, a small spark can start a huge conflagration. In 1930 it looked as if the consequences of the 1929market crash might be contained; it was the collapse in? 1931of the Austrian bank? Creditanstalt that? turned a? market correction into a worldwide slump. Similarly, the global financial crisis of 1997—98 started with the devaluation of the Thai? bath—though Thailand's? whole economy is about the size of Kentucky's.

????? That's one reason why, after much dickering, the Administration last week signed off on an $8? billion? international? rescue? package? for? Argentina? (an? economy? about? the? size? of? North lending tax dollars paid by American plumbers and retail clerks to a country that careens from one? debt? crisis to the next. But? in? the? end,? as? Goldman? Sachs'? Hormats puts? it,? "pragmatism triumphed over ideology." If Argentina had defaulted on its debt, investors might have pulled out of other emerging markets, triggering a real crash. In a nervous world, It's best to avoid anything that? leads? to? a? loss? of? confidence.? Might? anything? else? tip? the? mood??from? mere? gloom? to atastrophe?? "A huge amount,"? says Yale Garten,? "is hinging? on the American? consumer." In today's? planes,? one really? strong? engine? can? get? you? safely? to? your? destination. But? expect? a bumpy ride. http://tr.hjenglish.com

7. Why does the author begin the article with the description of one's flying experience?
8. Explain the sentence from paragraph 4 "But globalization, it turns out, has a reverse gear."
9. Why does the author mention the Great Depression of the 1930s?
10. What do you know about the arguments over the $8 billion international rescue package for? Argentina?


SECTION 6：TRANSLATION TEST (30 minutes)
Directions:??? Translate? the? following??? passage?? into? English?? and?? write? your?? version? in? the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. http://tr.hjenglish.com

歷史雄辯地說明，中美之間建立在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上的勞動分工是最為合理和實(shí)用的國際關(guān)系。中國物美價廉的制成品源源不斷地走上美國超級市場的貨架，而美國的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、 高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品，連同跨國公司的資本和技術(shù)，滾滾不斷地涌進(jìn)中國內(nèi)地。中國人民以其勤勞的雙手，增進(jìn)了美國的福祉，促使其產(chǎn)業(yè)升級換代 而北美這塊廣袤而又富饒的土地，也以其精華滋潤和促進(jìn)了中國的現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程。經(jīng)貿(mào)合作是兩國能夠找到共同語言的最佳領(lǐng)域。以謀求共同利益來減少或淡化意識形態(tài)差異和利益沖突，過去是、今后更是雙方尋求和平共處的必由之路。

下頁更精彩：參考答案

【點(diǎn)擊下載PDF完整版】? 【返回口譯真題試卷中心】