仔細(xì)閱讀是四級(jí)閱讀中分支最高的，每題兩分。這也是很多考生做的比較多的題型。英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題的技巧與策略是學(xué)生提高閱讀理解多需要具備的。

我們可將閱讀理解歸納為以下幾種題型：主旨大意題，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題（含寫作意圖、目的等），詞義猜測(cè)題。英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題的技巧與策略是學(xué)生提高閱讀理解多需要具備的。

主旨大意題

這類題在設(shè)題時(shí)常會(huì)用到title，subject，main idea，topic，theme等詞。

1、歸納標(biāo)題

題特點(diǎn)：短小精悍，一般多為一個(gè)短語(yǔ)；涵蓋性強(qiáng)，一般能覆蓋全文意思；精確性強(qiáng)，表達(dá)范圍要恰當(dāng)，不能隨意改變語(yǔ)意程度或色彩。常見命題形式有：

What’s the best title for the text?

The best title for this passage is ___.

Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

★真題范例：

Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils (災(zāi)禍).

People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions (反應(yīng)) toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches.Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites (食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red "Buy Now" button because red is a color that easily catches a person's eye.

Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.

The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.

63. Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?

A. Colors and Human Beings

B. The Cultural Meaning of Color

C. Colors and Personal Experiences

D. The Meaning and Function of Color

答案：D

2、概括大意題

包括尋找段落大意（topic）和文章中心思想（main idea），常見命題形式有：

What is the general/main idea of the passage？

Which of the following expresses the main idea？

What is the subject discussed in the text?

The writer of the story wants to tell us that_____.?

The passage/ text is mainly about_____.?

What’s the article mainly about ？

例：Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

Q: What is the main idea of the passage??

A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.

B. Bingham is a diligent student.

C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.

D. A good lawyer needs good education.

答案：C

解題思路

此文沒有主題句。全篇共四句，只陳述了四個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)(detail)性的事實(shí)。因此就答案本身看，個(gè)個(gè)都對(duì)。讀者只能將所有的details綜合起來，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，才能構(gòu)成一個(gè)沒有言明的主題思想。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情況，即作者想告訴我們的是：Joshua Bingham接受過良好的教育，所以答案是 Ｃ。

解題技巧

閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文，這兩種文體的結(jié)構(gòu)可歸納為：提出問題——論述問題——得出結(jié)論或者闡明觀點(diǎn)。對(duì)于這類文章，抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭或結(jié)尾。主題句具有簡(jiǎn)潔性、概括性的特點(diǎn)。主題句在文章中的位置主要有以下幾種情況。

位于段首：一般而言，以演繹法撰寫的文章，主題句往往在文章的開頭，即先點(diǎn)出主題，然后圍繞這一主題作具體的陳述。判斷第一句是否為主題句，可具體分析段落的首句與第二，三句的關(guān)系；如果從第二句就開始對(duì)第一句進(jìn)行說明，論述或描述，那第一句就是主題句。有些段落，在主題句后面有明顯引出細(xì)節(jié)的信號(hào)詞，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在閱讀中應(yīng)盡量利用上述信號(hào)詞來確定主題句的位置。

位于段尾：有些文章會(huì)在開頭列舉事實(shí), 然后通過論證闡述作者的核心論點(diǎn)。因此，如果第一句話不是概括性的或綜合性的話，最好快速讀一讀段落的最后一個(gè)句子，看看它是否具備主題句的特征。如果它具備主題句的特征，段落的主題思想就很容易確定了。一般說來，當(dāng)一種觀點(diǎn)不易向人解釋清楚或不易被人接受時(shí)，主題句便會(huì)到段落的末尾才出現(xiàn)。學(xué)生可以充分利用引出結(jié)論的信號(hào)詞。如so，therefore，thus，consequently；in conclusion，in short；in a word, to sum up等來確定主題句的位置在段尾。當(dāng)無明顯的此類信號(hào)時(shí)，學(xué)生可在段落的最后一句話前面添加一個(gè)引出結(jié)論的信號(hào)詞，以確定其是否是主題句。

位于段中：有時(shí)段落是先介紹背景和細(xì)節(jié)，接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說的內(nèi)容或事例，然后再圍繞主題展開對(duì)有關(guān)問題的深入討論。這種文章的主題句往往會(huì)在段落中間出現(xiàn)。歸納起來主要有兩種情況：先提出問題，然后給予回答(主題句)，最后給予解釋；或者，先提出問題，然后點(diǎn)出主題思想(主題句)，最后給予解釋。

首尾呼應(yīng)：主題句在段落的開頭和結(jié)尾兩個(gè)位置上先后出現(xiàn)，形成前呼后應(yīng)的格局。這兩個(gè)主題句敘說的是同一個(gè)內(nèi)容，但用詞不盡相同，這樣不但強(qiáng)調(diào)了主題思想，而且顯得靈活多變。這兩個(gè)句子并非簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，后一個(gè)主題句或?qū)υ撝黝}作最后的評(píng)述，或?qū)σc(diǎn)作一概括，或使之引申留給讀者去思考。

無明確主題句：找關(guān)鍵詞（出現(xiàn)頻率較高）, 歸納總結(jié)。

細(xì)節(jié)理解題

考查內(nèi)容主要涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、數(shù)字等議論文中例證細(xì)節(jié)和定義類細(xì)節(jié)。這類題目的共同特點(diǎn)是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。當(dāng)然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根據(jù)文章提供的信息自己組織語(yǔ)句回答問題。

1、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題→尋讀法

分為直接理解題和間接理解題，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提問，或判斷正誤；后者需與原文信息轉(zhuǎn)換，表達(dá)上與原文有差異。常見命題形式有：

What can we learn from the passage?

All the following are mentioned except

Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?

例： ……… ?Mark had been scolded before for touching his father’s equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him. ?………

56．Why did Mark touch the computer against his father’s warning?

A．He wanted to take a voyage.

B．He wanted to practice his skill

C．He was so much attracted by it.

D．He was eager to do an experiment.

答案：C

2、排列順序題→首尾定位法

找出第一個(gè)事件和最后一個(gè)事件，用排除法縮小范圍。常出現(xiàn)在記敘文和說明文中，一般按事件發(fā)生的順序。常見命題形式有：

Which of the following is the correct order of…? ? ?

Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?

例：Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines. ……. ?The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(頭皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain. ? ? ……..

73. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?

er→cap→scalp→wheelchair

D. cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair

答案：C

3、圖文匹配題→按圖索驥理清線索

設(shè)題形式：給出圖表，根據(jù)圖表提問問題。

4、數(shù)字計(jì)算題→（方法：審題→帶著問題找細(xì)節(jié)→對(duì)比、分析、計(jì)算）

可直接找到相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，但需經(jīng)過計(jì)算方可找到答案。

推理判斷題

主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章中隱含或深層的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容做出合乎邏輯的推斷，包括考生對(duì)作者觀點(diǎn)的理解，態(tài)度的判斷，對(duì)修辭、語(yǔ)氣、隱含意思等的理解。

題干關(guān)鍵詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply/suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出結(jié)論)，assume(假定，設(shè)想)。

1、細(xì)節(jié)推理判斷題

一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息或借助生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷，常見命題形式有：

It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________.

The author implies/ suggests that_____.

We may infer that _________.

Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?

例： ……. ?Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans(嘟囔聲)when Ms.Yates was about to speak. Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from and old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined. ……..

42. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates’ speech.

B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates’ ways of teaching.

C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities.

D. Most people had little interest in the reunion.

答案：B

2、預(yù)測(cè)推理判斷題

根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇對(duì)文章接下來的內(nèi)容或可能的結(jié)局進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，常見命題形式有：

What do you think will happen if/when…?

At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____

3、推測(cè)文章來源或讀者對(duì)象

常見命題形式有：

The passage is probably take out of_____

The passage would most likely be found in_____

Where does this text probably come from?

4、寫作意圖、目的、態(tài)度推斷題

作者的語(yǔ)氣態(tài)度往往不會(huì)直接寫在文章里，只能通過細(xì)讀文章，從作者的選詞及其修飾手段中體會(huì)出來。

詢問寫作目的的題，選項(xiàng)里常出現(xiàn)的詞是：explain(解釋)，prove (證明)，persuade(勸說)，advise(勸告)，comment(評(píng)論)，praise(贊揚(yáng))，criticize(批評(píng))，entertain(娛樂)，demonstrate(舉例說明)，argue(辯論)，tell(講述)，analyze(分析)等。

語(yǔ)氣態(tài)度題

選項(xiàng)里常出現(xiàn)的詞是：neutral(中立的)，sympathetic(同情的)，satisfied(滿意的)，friendly(友好的)，enthusiastic(熱情的)，subjective(主觀的)，objective(客觀的)，matter-of-fact(實(shí)事求是的)，pessimistic(悲觀的)，optimistic(樂觀的)，critical(批評(píng)的)，doubtful(懷疑的)，hostile(敵對(duì)的)，indifferent(冷淡的)，disappointed(失望的)。常見命題形式有：

The purpose of the text is_____

What is the main purpose of the author writing the text??

By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____

What is the author’s attitude towards…?

What is the author’s opinion on…?

The author’s tone in this passage is _____.

解題技巧

推斷題是考查學(xué)生透過文章表面的文字信息進(jìn)行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實(shí)為依據(jù)，切莫主觀臆斷。

①那些文章中直接陳述的內(nèi)容不能選，要選擇根據(jù)文章推理出來的選項(xiàng)。

②推理不是憑空猜測(cè)，而是立足已知推斷未知；作出正確答案時(shí)一定要在文中找到依據(jù)或理由。

③要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的想法；不要脫離原文主觀臆斷。?

詞義猜測(cè)題

考點(diǎn)：1、猜測(cè)某個(gè)詞、詞組、句子的意義；2、對(duì)文中的多義詞或詞組進(jìn)行定義；3、判斷某個(gè)代詞的指代的對(duì)象。常見命題形式有：

The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.

The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______.

The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）probably means ______.

The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）could best be replaced by which of the following?

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…” ?

解題技巧

1、通過因果關(guān)系猜詞通過因果關(guān)系猜詞

首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。

例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault. ?通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯(cuò))，可猜出blame的詞義是"責(zé)備"。

2、通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞

通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happy and gay，即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于"行星"這一義域。

通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等；二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語(yǔ)，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù)not at all...handsome我們不難推測(cè)出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

3、通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞

根據(jù)前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等構(gòu)詞知識(shí)判斷生詞詞義。如：She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( “un”含否定意義，故為“不太可能”之意。)

4、通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測(cè)詞義

例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought. 從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期，即drought，由此可見drought意思為"久旱"，"旱災(zāi)"。而a dry period和drought是同義語(yǔ)。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折號(hào)等來表示。

5、通過句法功能來推測(cè)詞義

例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同類關(guān)系，同屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。

6、通過描述猜詞

描述即作者對(duì)該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性。

7、根據(jù)常識(shí)猜詞

如：The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.（lintel “過梁”。）Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.（tiptoed “踮著腳走，躡手躡腳”）

【備考】閱讀理解不認(rèn)識(shí)單詞怎么辦？猜詞技巧助你一臂之力?

*注： 本文由大學(xué)云英語(yǔ)綜合整理編輯，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處!