單詞的積累和語(yǔ)法的掌握是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的重中之重,下面是小編給大家分享的英語(yǔ)六級(jí)語(yǔ)法必備之主謂倒裝,大家可以作為學(xué)習(xí)的參考。

主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的核心,它們之間有兩種語(yǔ)序:一是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之前稱為自然語(yǔ)序(Natural Order);二是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之后則稱為倒裝語(yǔ)序(Inverted Order)。而倒裝語(yǔ)序中又有全部倒裝(Full Inversion)和部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)兩種情況。

首先,在全部倒裝的句子中,要把整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)的前面去而構(gòu)成倒裝語(yǔ)序。

例如:

There are large numbers of students in the lecture hall.

(在There be…的句式中,There只是個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞而不是主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是后面作表語(yǔ)的名詞或者名詞短語(yǔ)。因此,There be…的句式都是全部倒裝的句子。)演講廳里有大量的學(xué)生。

When he ran to the door, there stood a mid-aged man with a lantern in his hand .

(此句是為了"描述情節(jié)的需要",把倒裝當(dāng)著修辭的手段而寫成了全部倒裝句。句子的主語(yǔ)是a mid-aged man,謂語(yǔ)是stood 。)當(dāng)他向房門跑去時(shí),那兒正立著一位手里拿著一盞燈籠的中年男人。

另外,在部分倒裝的句子中,只把謂語(yǔ)的一部分(如情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、或是系動(dòng)詞be)放到主語(yǔ)的前面去,構(gòu)成倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如:

Are you going to take part in the football match against Accounting Department on Friday afternoon? (句子的謂語(yǔ)是are going to take part,are是句子的謂語(yǔ)的一部分;句子的主語(yǔ)是you 。所以,此句是部分倒裝的句子。疑問句都是部分倒裝句。)你打算去參加星期五與會(huì)計(jì)系進(jìn)行的足球賽嗎?

Hardly could he finish his test paper when the school bell rang .(由于語(yǔ)法要求的原因,本句寫成了部分倒裝的句子。它的自然語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是:When the bell rang, he could hardly finish his test paper.)他還未做完試卷,下課鈴就響了。

了解了倒裝語(yǔ)序的構(gòu)成情況后,我們?cè)賮?lái)看看倒裝語(yǔ)序在各種不同類句子中的使用情況:

A. 在疑問句中

各種疑問句一般地說都是倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如:

Will they come to see us this weekend ? 這個(gè)周末他們將來(lái)看我們嗎?

Are you talking about the film you saw last Monday ?

你們是在談?wù)撃銈兩现芤豢吹哪遣侩娪皢?

Can you speak another foreign language except English?

除開英語(yǔ),你還能說另一種外語(yǔ)嗎?

Where did you buy the dictionary, in the book store nearby or in Xinhua bookstore?

你在哪兒買的這本詞典,是在附近的書店還是在新華書店?

She is not a student, isn‘t she ? 她不是個(gè)學(xué)生,對(duì)嗎?

B. 在感嘆句中

某些感嘆句也用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如:

Isn‘t it a beautiful garden ! 多么美麗的花園啊!

What a beautiful garden it is ! 多么美麗的花園啊!(在這種句式中,主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之前,屬于自然語(yǔ)序。對(duì)于主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)而言,語(yǔ)序沒有倒裝。)

Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him !

你見過那個(gè)孩子像他這么調(diào)皮!

C. 在陳述句中

陳述句在一般情況下用自然語(yǔ)序;但由于英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的某些原因,陳述句也要使用倒裝語(yǔ)序。這些原因大致可以歸納

1) 為了避免句子部分內(nèi)容不必要的重復(fù),常用"so + be動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語(yǔ)"或"neither / nor + be動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語(yǔ)"的倒裝句式。其中第一個(gè)句式表示"與前面所述的肯定情況相同", 第二個(gè)句式表示"與前面所述的否定情況相同"。例如:

His brother is a college student; so is mine.

他弟弟是大學(xué)生,我弟弟也是。

His brother is not a college student; nor is min .

他弟弟不是大學(xué)生,我弟弟也不是。

He used to have his further study abroad; so did I.

他曾去國(guó)外深造過,我也去過。

He didn‘t use to have his further study abroad; neither did I.

他沒去國(guó)外深造過,我也沒有。

One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; so can his wife.

我的一個(gè)朋友會(huì)說三門外國(guó)語(yǔ),他的妻子也會(huì)。

One of my friends cannot speak three foreign languages; neither can his wife .我的一個(gè)朋友不會(huì)說三門外國(guó)語(yǔ),他的妻子也不會(huì)。

They are now preparing for their final examinations; so are we .

他們正在為期末考試作準(zhǔn)備,我們也一樣。

They are not now preparing for their final examinations; nor are we .

他們沒在為期末考試作準(zhǔn)備,我們也沒有。

2)具有否定意義的詞或短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)(除否定詞修飾主語(yǔ)外),句子一般要寫成部分倒裝句。這類詞或短語(yǔ)常見的有:not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner … (than), hardly … (when), not only … (but also), not until… ,等。例如:

Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .

她還沒來(lái)得及坐下來(lái),就聽見有人敲門。

Not until twelve o‘clock did he go to bed last night .

他昨晚直到十二點(diǎn)鐘才睡覺。

Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .

我的妹妹們以前從未去過香港。

No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.我從新西蘭一回國(guó),就買了一棟房子并在那兒住下了。

So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.

就我所知,瑪利幾乎很難回來(lái)看她媽媽。

Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . (否定詞修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí),句子不用倒裝。) 去年秋天,這兒幾乎沒下一滴雨。

3)當(dāng)so, often, only等表示程度、頻率的副詞放在句首時(shí),句子一般要倒裝。例如:

Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.

只有這樣,你才有可能想出解決這個(gè)問題的辦法。

So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.

形勢(shì)如此地嚴(yán)峻,每個(gè)人都面臨著一場(chǎng)考驗(yàn)。

So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last. 他太操勞過度以致最后病倒了。

4)當(dāng)there, here, then, now等副詞在句首,且謂語(yǔ)是come, go, be等動(dòng)詞時(shí),句子一般要全部倒裝。其意義在于引起他人的注意。如果這類句子的主語(yǔ)是代詞,則不用寫成倒裝句。例如:

Now, here goes the story.這個(gè)故事是這樣的。

Look, there comes the taxi.瞧,出租車過來(lái)了。

Then came another question.然后又一個(gè)問題提出來(lái)了。

Then followed the four-year War of Liberation.接下來(lái)是四年的解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

5) 當(dāng)out, in, away, up, bang等表示方位或擬聲詞放在句首時(shí),句子一般要全部倒裝。這類子比自然語(yǔ)序的句子更為生動(dòng)、形象。但如果這類句子的主語(yǔ)是代詞,則不用寫成倒裝句。例如:

Bang goes my ace.我砰地一下打出了"愛司"。

Away flew the bird.那鳥飛走了。

Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face.

突然進(jìn)來(lái)一個(gè)蒙著面具的人。

6) 其他情況還有:省略了if的虛擬條件句、某些表示祝愿的句子、以及某些讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,等等也要用倒裝句式。例如:(省略了if的虛擬條件句)

Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.

如果沒有他們的幫助,我們不可能把那件事辦的如此成功。

Should he come, say "Nobody in" to him.

萬(wàn)一他來(lái)了,對(duì)他說:"公司沒人。"(某些表示祝愿的句子)

May our friendship last forever.愿我們的友誼常存!

May your company become prosperous.祝貴公司生意興隆!(某些讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)

Try as I might, I couldn‘t lift the stone.無(wú)論我使多大的勁,我也無(wú)法搬起那塊石頭。

They said they would follow the Party‘s lead come what might.

他們說無(wú)論發(fā)生什么情況,他們都會(huì)跟黨走的。

7) 由于修辭或是平衡句子的原因也可以用倒裝句;也可以不用。這不是一條必須的規(guī)定。

Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated .

這家飯店隔壁還有一家裝修華麗的大飯店。

On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings.

這條大街的兩側(cè)都聳立著許多綜合樓。(這類句子也可以不用倒裝句。)

"I‘m leaving for Beijing tomorrow," said Tom to his mother (OR: Tom said to his mother) .湯姆對(duì)他媽媽說:"我明天動(dòng)身去北京。"

Many block buildings stood on either side of the great avenue.

許多綜合樓聳立在這條大街的兩側(cè)。

Another grand hotel, which is beautifully decorated, is next to this one .

這家飯店隔壁還有一家大飯店,那家飯店裝修十分華麗。

以上就是英語(yǔ)六級(jí)語(yǔ)法必備之主謂倒裝,希望可以給大家在備考的時(shí)候帶來(lái)幫助。