四六級翻譯考情綜述

2013年四六級考試改革后，翻譯就從之前的單句翻譯改為段落翻譯，主要考察內(nèi)容“涉及中國文化、歷史及社會發(fā)展三大方面”<2016新四六級考綱>。

而細查歷年考題，考查的話題更為具體。如2017年考的長江/黃河/珠江，黃山/華山/泰山、太湖/青海湖/洞庭湖等屬于中國地理；而社會發(fā)展類目下，經(jīng)濟、科技、教育等也都有涉及；2020年12月則考察了基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)。

經(jīng)過分析，四、六級翻譯常考話題按考頻排列：中國歷史文化＞ 社會發(fā)展＞ 中國經(jīng)濟＞基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)。

區(qū)別在于，六級翻譯考查中國經(jīng)濟、基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的比重遠大于四級，而社會發(fā)展這塊略高于四級。歷史文化部分，不論是四級翻譯還是六級翻譯，都占大頭。


今天就把大綱中規(guī)定必考的4大話題，總結(jié)出了?？计滦形哪０?，當(dāng)然貼心地附帶翻譯，且配上了考過的真題供大家對照學(xué)習(xí)，希望能幫助大家高效復(fù)習(xí)~?

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一、基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)題材常見篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的相關(guān)話題，是2020年新出現(xiàn)的題材，12月的六級翻譯話題涵蓋：鐵路、機場、大橋。

基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)是中國綜合國力的體現(xiàn)，不排除會再次考到。平時應(yīng)多關(guān)注雙語新聞，了解相關(guān)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和常見表達。

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代表考題：20.12 六級 大興國際機場

北京大興國際機場位于天安門廣場以南46公里處，于2019年9月30日投入使用。該巨型工程于2014年開工建設(shè)，高峰時工地上有4萬多工人。航站樓設(shè)計緊湊，可以允許最大數(shù)量的飛機直接?？吭谧羁拷秸緲侵行牡奈恢?，這給乘客提供了極大的方便。航站樓共有82個登機口，但乘客通過安檢后，只需不到8分鐘就能抵達任何一個登機口。機場的設(shè)計可確保每小時300架次起降。機場年客運量2040年將達到1億人次，有望成為世界上最繁忙的機場。

Beijing Daxing International Airport, located 46 kilometers south of Tian anmen Square, began operations on September 30, 2019. The construction of the megastructure started in 2014 with more than 40,000 workers on the construction site in the peak time. Featuring a compact design, the terminal building allows the maximum number of aircrafts possible to park closest to its center, providing great convenience to passengers. There are a total of 82 boarding gates in the terminal, each of which can be accessed in less than 8 minutes once through the security check. Such design of the airport guarantees 300 takeoffs and landings per hour. The Airport’s annual passenger capacity is expected to reach 100 million in 2040, and thus making it the busiest airport in the world.（滬江網(wǎng)校版）


二、中國歷史文化3大篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

根據(jù)歷年考情，為了方便大家記憶，閣主把中國歷史文化題材的行文篇章分成了3類：傳統(tǒng)文化、節(jié)日類、景點建筑類。

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比如：中國燈籠，最早起源于1800多年前的西漢時期。
Chinese lanterns firstoriginated inWestern Han Dynasty some 1,800 years ago.

代表考題：16.6 四級 功夫? 17.6 紅色/白色/黃色

功夫（Kung Fu）是中國武術(shù)（martial arts）的俗稱。中國武術(shù)的起源可以追溯到自衛(wèi)的需要，狩獵活動以及古代中國的軍事訓(xùn)練。它是中國傳統(tǒng)體育運動的一種，年輕人和老年人都練。它已逐漸演變成了中國文化的獨特元素。作為中國的國寶，功夫有上百種不同的風(fēng)格，是世界上練得最多的武術(shù)形式。有些風(fēng)格模仿了動物的動作，還有一些則受到了中國哲學(xué)思想、神話和傳說的啟發(fā)。

Chinese martial arts, known as Kung Fu, can be traced back to the needs of self-defense, hunting activities and ancient China military training. Kung Fu , one of the Chinese traditional sports, is being practised by both the youth and the old people and has gradually become a special element of Chinese culture. As a national treasure of China, Kung Fu has hundreds of different styles, and is the martial arts practised most in the world. Some styles imitate the movements of animals, while some are inspired by Chinese philosophy thinking, myths and legends.? ? （文都教育版）

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在中國文化中，黃顏色是一種很重要的顏色，因為它具有獨特的象征意義。在封建（feudal)社會中，它象征統(tǒng)治者的權(quán)力和權(quán)威。那時，黃色是專為皇帝使用的顏色，皇家宮殿全都漆成黃色，皇袍總是黃色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黃色衣服的。在中國，黃色也是收獲的象征。秋天莊稼成熟時，田野變得一片金黃。人們興高采烈，慶祝豐收。

In Chinese culture, yellow is a very important color because of its unique symbolic meaning. In feudal society, it symbolizes the rulers’ power and authority. At that time, yellow was the color for the emperor. The royal palace was entirely painted yellow and the imperial robe was always yellow too, but common people were forbidden to wear yellow clothes. In China, yellow also symbolizes harvest. When crops ripe in autumn, fields turn entirely golden. People celebrates the good harvest happily.? （滬江網(wǎng)校高分版）

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代表考題：13.12 六級中秋節(jié)? ?

中國人自古以來就在中秋時節(jié)慶祝豐收。這與北美地區(qū)慶祝感恩節(jié)的習(xí)俗十分相似。過中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗唐代早期在中國各地開始流行。中秋節(jié)在農(nóng)歷八月十五，是人們拜月的節(jié)日。這天夜晚皓月當(dāng)空，人們合家團聚，共賞明月。2006年，中秋節(jié)被列為中國的文化遺產(chǎn)，2008年又被定為公共假日。月餅被視為中秋節(jié)不町或缺的美食。人們將月餅作為禮物饋贈親友或在家庭聚會上享甩。傳統(tǒng)的月餅上帶有“壽(longevity)”、“?！被颉昂汀钡茸謽印?/p>

Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The Mid-Autumn has become popular all over China in the Early Tang Dynasty. The Mid-Autumn Festival, celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, is a day for worshiping the moon. At that day, family members get together and enjoy the bright moon in the sky at night. In 2006, the Mid-Autumn was listed as a China cultural heritage, and in 2008 designated as a public holiday. The moon cake, an indispensable food of the Festival, is often used as a gift for relatives and friends or enjoyed in the family party. Traditional moon cakes are imprinted with Chinese characters with such meanings as “l(fā)ongevity”, “happiness” or “harmony”. （滬江網(wǎng)校版）


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代表考題：16.6 四級 烏鎮(zhèn)，17.12 四級 泰山/華山/黃山， 六級洞庭湖/太湖/青海湖

太湖是中國東部的一個淡水湖，占地面積2250平方公里，是中國第三大淡水湖，僅次于鄱陽和洞庭，太湖約有90個島嶼，大小從幾平方米到幾平方公里不等。太湖以其獨特的“太湖石”而聞名，太湖石常用裝飾中國傳統(tǒng)園林。太湖也以高產(chǎn)的捕魚業(yè)而聞名。自從上世紀(jì)70年代后期以來，捕撈魚蟹對沿湖的居民來說極為重要，并對周邊地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟作出了重大貢獻。太湖地區(qū)是中國陶瓷業(yè)基地之一。其中宜興的陶瓷廠家生產(chǎn)舉世聞名的宜興紫砂壺。

Lake Tai is a freshwater lake in the eastern part of China. With an area of 2,250 square kilometres, Lake Tai ranks the third-largest freshwater lake in China, after Lake Poyang and Lake Dongting. Lake Tai houses about 90 islands, ranging in size from a few square metres to several square kilometres. The lake is renowned for its unique ‘Taihu stones’, which are often used to decorate traditional Chinese gardens. The lake is also known for its productive fishing industry. Since the late 1970s, harvesting food products such as fish and crabs has been invaluable to people living along the lakes and has contributed significantly to the economy of the surrounding area. The lake area is one of the ceramic centres in China, where Yixing pottery factories produce the world-famous Yixing clay teapots. （滬江網(wǎng)校高分版）

三、社會發(fā)展題材常見篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

社會發(fā)展這塊，四六級翻譯考查范圍較廣：覆蓋了中國發(fā)展、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)社區(qū)的發(fā)展、中國城市化進程、中國教育的發(fā)展，還涉及到教育公平、學(xué)漢語等話題。

為了跟中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展區(qū)分開，姑且把除了中國經(jīng)濟外的內(nèi)容都劃分到社會發(fā)展這塊，比如 中科院年度系列報告、中文熱詞等。

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代表考題：中國快遞，14.12 中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展

中國的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)社區(qū)是全世界發(fā)展最快的，2010年，中國約有4.2億網(wǎng)民(netizen)，而且人數(shù)還在迅速增長?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)的日漸流行帶來了重大的社會變化。中國網(wǎng)民往往不同于美國網(wǎng)民。美國網(wǎng)民更多的是受實際需要的驅(qū)使，用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為工具發(fā)電子郵件、買賣商品、做研究、規(guī)劃旅程或付款。中國網(wǎng)民更多是出于社交原因使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，因而更廣泛的使用論壇、博客、聊天室等。

The Chinese Internet Community experienced the fastest development. By 2010, there had been 420 million netizens in China and this number is still rising rapidly. The popularization of Internet has brought about huge changes. Generally speaking, American netizens are more often than not driven by real necessities such as sending emails, on-line trading, doing research, travel planning and on-line payment. While, Chinese netizens use Internet out of the need for social communication. Therefore, they log more generally onto web forums, blogs and chatting rooms. （滬江網(wǎng)校版）


四、中國經(jīng)濟題材常見篇章結(jié)構(gòu)


之所以把中國經(jīng)濟題材單拎出來，是因為歷年試題中多次考到中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，六級翻譯考的尤其多。

比如2015年12月的中國政府工業(yè)升級、中國減貧、2014年12月中國計劃經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)為市場經(jīng)濟。跟著閣主來看下中國經(jīng)濟?？夹形奶茁钒?！

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代表考題：14.12 六級 中國經(jīng)濟? ? ?15.12 六級 中國減貧，中國制造

建議大家使用以上結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)以下真題：

自從1978年啟動改革以來，中國已從計劃經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)為以市場為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟，并經(jīng)歷了經(jīng)濟和社會的快速發(fā)展。年均l0％的GDP增長已使五億多人脫貧。聯(lián)合國的“千年(millennium)發(fā)展目標(biāo)”在中國均已達到或即將達到。目前，中國的第十二個五年規(guī)劃強調(diào)發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)和解決環(huán)境及社會不平衡的問題。政府已設(shè)定目標(biāo)減少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和醫(yī)保的機會，并擴大社會保障。中國現(xiàn)在7％的經(jīng)濟年增長目標(biāo)表明政府意在重視生活質(zhì)量而不是增長速度。(14.12 六級)

Since the reform in 1978, China has developed from a planned economy to a market-based economy, experienced rapid economic and social development. An average of 10 percent of GDP growth has helped leading more than five hundred million people out of poverty. The United Nations “millennium development goals” have reached or are about to reach in China. At present, China's Twelfth Five-Year Plan emphasizes the development of services and solutions to environmental and social imbalances. The Government has set a target to reduce pollution, improve energy efficiency and improve access to education and health care, and extend social support network. The current 7% annual economic growth target of China demonstrates that the government attaches great importance to the quality of life rather than the growth rate.（滬江網(wǎng)校版）

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