英語和漢語最大的區(qū)別就是發(fā)音的問題,很多中國學生在學習英語的過程中,因為發(fā)音的問題鬧出很多笑話。今天我們?yōu)榇蠹艺砹擞⒄Z單詞的發(fā)音規(guī)則,一起來看一下吧。

英語發(fā)音規(guī)則,即將國際音標應(yīng)用在英語的一般情況的歸納。可供外企、國際商務(wù)、導游等諸多職業(yè)人士用作參考。

本詞條以英式公認發(fā)音(Received pronunciation)為主線,給出英文拼寫和英語發(fā)音之間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。

重讀音節(jié)

開閉音節(jié)讀音

元音字母重讀開音節(jié)和閉音節(jié)中的讀音

a

①在開音節(jié)中/e?/name,plane,Jane,baby,cake

②在閉音節(jié)中1一般讀作/?/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back2在f,n,ph,sk,sp,st,ss,th之前時時讀/ɑ:/

e

①在開音節(jié)中/i:/he,these,me,Chinese

②在閉音節(jié)中/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg

i

①在開音節(jié)中/a?/bike,drive,time,nice,kite

②在閉音節(jié)中/?/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim

o

①在開音節(jié)中/??/those,close,go,hoe,home,no

②在閉音節(jié)中/?/clock,not,box,shop,sock

u

①在開音節(jié)中 1./ju:/student,excuse,duty,Tuesday 2.元音字母u在輔音字母j、l、r或字母組合ch、sh、tr、dr后面時(輔音字母發(fā)音為[?]、[?]、[t?]、[d?]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]),讀/u:/,例如:June,blue,ruler,true。

②在閉音節(jié)中/?/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch

特殊讀音

元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的特殊讀音

a

①在/w/音后面/?/want,what,watch,wash,quality

②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th,lm前/α:/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father

i

在nd,ld和gh前/a?/find,child,light,high

o

①在-st,-ld前/??/most,postcard,old,cold

②在m,n,v,th前/?/come,monkey,love,mother

r音節(jié)

-r音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音

ar

①/α:/car,farm,dark,sharpener

②在/w/音后面/?:/warm,quarter,towards

or

①/?:/forty morning short

②/?:/word worker worse

er,ir,ur

/?:/certainly bird Thursday

注:①輔音字母r雙寫時,前面的元音字母不能與r構(gòu)成-r音節(jié),而是按重讀閉音節(jié)的拼讀規(guī)則發(fā)音。例如:carry,sorry,hurry。②-r音節(jié)在非重讀音節(jié)中通常讀/?/音,例如:dollar,teacher,martyr,forget,Saturday。

re音節(jié)

-re音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音

are

/e?/care,dare,hare

ere

/??/here,mere

ire

/a??/fire,hire,wire

ore

/?:/more,score,before

ure

/j??/pure,cure

-re

/?/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre

①are,ere,ire,ore很少出現(xiàn)在非重讀音節(jié)中,ure在非重讀音節(jié)中讀/??/音,例如:picture,pleasure。

②重讀元音字母加r,再加非重讀元字組時,重讀元音字母應(yīng)按-re音節(jié)拼讀規(guī)則拼讀,字母r讀/r/音。例如:parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。

③另外,某些常用詞及多音節(jié)詞經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)長音短化現(xiàn)象。例如:orange,very,American,paragraph。

元音字組

元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音

ai,ay

/e?/afraid,rain,wait,day,play

air

/e?/air,hair,chair,pair,repair

al

①在l,k前/?:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,

②/?:l/always,also,salt,almost

③在f,m前/α:/half,calm

au,aw

/?:/autumn,daughter,draw

ea

①/i:/teach,easy,cheap,please

②/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather

③/e?/break,great

④ /??/real

ear

①/??/hear,dear,near,clear,year

②/e?/bear,pear,wear,swear

③/?:/earth,learn,early

ee

/i:/jeep,week,green,three

eer

/??/pioneer,deer,beer

ei,ey

①/e?/eight,neighbour,they

②/i:/seize,key

eu,ew

①在j,l,r,s后/u:/ flew,brew,jewelry,jewel

②/ju:/ new,few,newspaper

ie,ei

/s/音之后/i:/piece,field,receive

oa

/??/coat,Joan,boat,goal

oar,oor

/?:/roar,board,door,floor

oi,oy

/??/noise,point,boy,toilet

oo

/u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo

/?/book,look,cook,foot,good, football

ou,ow

①/a?/flower,house,count,down

②/??/know,row,throw,though

③/?/young,country,enough

④/u:/group,soup

our

①/?:/ course,your,four

②/a??/our,hour,sour

③/?:/journey

oul

/?/would,should,could(主要是情態(tài)動詞、助動詞)

ui

①在j,l,r,s后/u:?/fluid,suicide,tuition

②/u:/juice,fruit,suit

非重讀音節(jié)

元音字母

元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音

a

/?/China,another,woman,breakfast

動詞中的a如果處在開音節(jié)位置,作動詞后綴音,a讀/e?/音,例如:operate,a處在開音節(jié)位置

/?/orange,comrade,village,cabbage,manage

e

/?/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children

i

①/?/holiday,beautiful,family,animal

②/a?/exercise,satellite

o

①/?/second,tonight,somebody,welcome

②/??/also,zero,photo

u

①/?/autumn,difficult

②/ju:/popular,congratulation,January

③在輔音字母j,l,r,s后面時,讀/?/或/u:/音,例如:July,influence,F(xiàn)ebruary,issue。

在非重讀音節(jié)中,許多單詞中的元音字母a,e,i既可以讀/?/的音,也可以讀/?/的音。

元音字組

非重讀音節(jié)中元音字組和字群的讀音

ai,ay,ei,ey

/?/foreign,monkey

/e/said [2]

/e?/say [1]

ow

/??/yellow,sparrow,tomorrow

注:元音字組在非重讀音節(jié)中通常讀/?/音或/?/音。例如:serious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour

-sion,-tion

①/??n/impression,nation

②在元音字母后/??n/vision,decision,occasion

③在s后/t??n/question,suggestion

-isle

/a?l/aisle, Carlisle

-sten

/s?n/listen

-stle

/sl/whistle

-sure

/??/pleasure,measure

-ture

/t??/picture,culture

復合詞

元字組在復合詞非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音

復合詞中的第二部分不標注重音符號,但其中的元音字母或元音字組仍按重讀音節(jié)拼讀規(guī)則拼讀。例如:everyday/e?/,handbag/?/,blackboard/?:/。有些詞隨著語言的發(fā)展,前后兩部分已失去其單獨存在的意義,融合成為一個詞。其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節(jié)的讀音規(guī)則發(fā)音。例如:holy(神圣)+day/e?/(日子)=holiday/?/(假日):break(中斷)+fast/α:/(齋戒)=breakfast/?/(早餐);cup(茶杯)+board/?:/(木板)=cupboard/?/(碗柜)。

輔字組讀音編輯

b

①/b/ bike,bus,bag

②/不發(fā)/bomb,tomb

c

①在e前或在i,y前/s/face,decide,cinema,bicycle

②其他情況/k/cake,picture,coat,music

③/t?/cello、concerto

ch

①/t?/much,chick,rich,teacher

②/k/school,headache,chemistry(主要為希臘外來詞)

③/?/machine,moustache(主要是法語外來詞)

-ck/cq

[k]cock,pocket,black,knock,checque,

cz

[t?] Czech

d

/d/doctor,bread,hand,day

-dg(e)

/d?/bridge,fridge

dr-

/dr/children,driver,drink

ds

/dz/hands(主要用于可數(shù)名詞復數(shù))

f

/f/five,four,breakfast

/v/of

g

①/g/bag,garden,go

②在e,i,y之前一般讀作/d?/,少數(shù)例外,orange,large,German,apology,giant

③e,i,y之前少數(shù)情況下讀/?/genre,massage

gh

①/f/cough,enough

②/不發(fā)/light,daughter,high

gu-,-gue

①/g/guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重讀音節(jié)中)

②/gw/language,anguish

h

①/h/hot,head,house,hand

②/不發(fā)/hour,honest

j

①/d?/jeep,jar,joke,join,June

②/?/Jacques(用于法國人名)

③/h/Juanita(用于西班牙人名)

k

/k/kind,bike,skate,make,week

kn-

/n/knife,know,knock

l

①/l/life,lead,lot(出現(xiàn)在元音前面)

②/?/milk,school,tall[出現(xiàn)在元音后面。可以出現(xiàn)在輔音前,也可出現(xiàn)在輔音后(詞尾)]

m

/m/monkey,come

-mn

/m/autumn,column,solemn

n

①/n/not,shine,ten,note

②在/k/、/g/音前/?/uncle,thank,hungry

-ng

/?/morning,young,wrong

p

/p/paper,plane,pig,ship,pen

ph

/f/elephant,photo,telephone,graph

q

/k/Iraq

qu-

/kw/quality,quite

r

/r/red,rubber,ruler

rz

/?/ Zabrze(扎布熱)

s

①在詞首、清輔音前/s/sit,sleep,desk

②元音字母間或濁輔音前/z/music,husband

③sure結(jié)構(gòu)或s+i/e+元音字母時讀作/?/或/?/。/?/:ensure,Asian。/?/:pleasure,conclusion。

sc-

①/sk/scarlet

②/s/在i,e和y之前scenery,science

sch-

/?/schedule/英′?edju:l,美′sked?ul/

sh

/?/she,fish,shirt,wash

t

①/t/ten,letter,meet

②在弱讀字母ia,ie,io前/?/patient,nation

tch

/t?/watch

th

①/θ/thin,thirty,method

②/e/the,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather(在冠詞、代詞、介詞、連詞中,以及在詞尾-the,-ther中

tr-

/tr/tree,train,country,truck

ts,tz

/ts/Tsingtao(青島),Tientsin(天津),pants(主要用于可數(shù)名詞復數(shù))

quartz,Hertz/英h?:z,美h?:rts/(用于德國人名)

v

/v/very,voice,love,leave

w

①/w/week,win,wake,sweet,wait

②/不發(fā)/answer,two,sword

wh-

①/w/what,when,white,why

②在字母o前/h/who,whose,whole

wr-

/r/write

x

①在重讀元音后/ks/box,text,exercise

②ex+重音元音讀/gz/,example,exist,exact

③/z/xylophone

y

/j/yes,yard,yellow,young

z

①/z/puzzle,zero,zoo

②/?/azure

③/ts/pizza Nazi(意大利、德國外來詞)

zh

/?/ zhoosh

以上就是為大家整理的英語單詞的發(fā)音規(guī)則的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,希望能夠?qū)Υ蠹矣兴鶐椭T趯W習英語的過程中,發(fā)音是非常重要的一個部分,發(fā)音不標準,學習英語的意義也就沒有了。