英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試必備語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
備考英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)的時(shí)候需要大量的積累單詞和掌握語(yǔ)法,很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為六級(jí)語(yǔ)法很難。下面是小編給大家整理的六級(jí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),大家可以作為學(xué)習(xí)的參考。
英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí):虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1. 表示現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去/將來(lái)情況的虛擬條件句
虛擬條件句主要有三種結(jié)構(gòu):
1) 表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反:主句謂語(yǔ)用“would / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形”,從句謂語(yǔ)用“動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)”(動(dòng)詞be的過(guò)去式一律用were)。
If I were you, I would not accept his offer.
If I had time, I would certainly go to the cinema with you.
2) 表示與過(guò)去情況相反:主句謂語(yǔ)用“would / could / might + have +過(guò)去分詞”,從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
If I had got up a little earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train.
If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam.
3) 表示與將來(lái)情況相反:主句謂語(yǔ)用“would / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形”,從句謂語(yǔ)用“were +動(dòng)詞不定式”或“should +動(dòng)詞原形”。
If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to study.
If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out with you.
2. 虛擬條件句連接詞if的省略
如果虛擬條件句的從句中含有were, had, should, could等詞時(shí),可以省略連接詞if,但這時(shí)必須把were, had, should, could等詞移到主語(yǔ)前面,形成倒裝。這種句型主要用于書(shū)面形式。
Were I to do the job, I would finish doing it within two weeks.
Had it not been for his help, we couldn’t have arrived there on time.
Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
3. wish后賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成
動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,其賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,有以下三種構(gòu)成形式。
1) 表示現(xiàn)在不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。(be的過(guò)去式為were)。
I wish I had enough money to buy a car.
I wish I were as young and energetic as you.
2) 表示過(guò)去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had +過(guò)去分詞)或“would / could + have +過(guò)去分詞 ”。
I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.
I wish I could have done it better.
3) 表示將來(lái)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would / should (could, might) +動(dòng)詞原形”。
I wish I would not get old.
I wish I could travel around the world one day.
4. 某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
在一些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形或should +動(dòng)詞原形。這類動(dòng)詞一般表示命令,要求,決定,建議,主張等概念,主要有:advise, ask, command, decide, demand, desire, direct, insist, move, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest,等。
The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 per cent.
The teacher decided that you do the experiment first.
5. 某些名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
在一些名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形或should +動(dòng)詞原形。這類名詞一般表示命令,要求,決定,建議,主張等概念,主要有:advice, idea, instruction, motion, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion,等。
My suggestion is that we (should) send for a doctor immediately.
He gave the order that they (should) do the experiment again.
6. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句
條件從句表示的動(dòng)作和主句表示的動(dòng)作,有時(shí)發(fā)生的時(shí)間是不一致的.如從句是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè),而主句可能是對(duì)現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行情況的假設(shè)。 這種句子稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句.
If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.
要想順利通過(guò)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試,在備考的時(shí)候要掌握學(xué)習(xí)方法,方法用對(duì),學(xué)習(xí)才能提高效率。
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