雅思閱讀總分總等段落結(jié)構(gòu)分析
在備考雅思的過(guò)程中,首先要了解雅思的考試題型和評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。下面是小編給大家分享的雅思閱讀總分總等段落結(jié)構(gòu)分析,大家可以作為參考。
雅思閱讀總分總等段落結(jié)構(gòu)分析
一般的段落結(jié)構(gòu)可概括為六種:
一.總分段落。一般第二句話(huà)有for example/for instance之類(lèi)舉例關(guān)系詞時(shí), 那么可以斷定第一句為中心句。如劍3T2section C段落可說(shuō)明此問(wèn)題。這種文章結(jié)構(gòu)在雅思閱讀文章中是最常見(jiàn)的一種。
二.總分總段落。這種段落就是在總分結(jié)構(gòu)段落最后加一個(gè)總結(jié)句。如劍3T1P3就是這種段落,通過(guò)分析此段中心句仍是第一句。這種文章結(jié)構(gòu)和上面的結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,在雅思閱讀文章中也是最常見(jiàn)的一種。
三.分總段落。這種段落把主題句放在了最后。如《劍橋大學(xué)老樣題》P2Q12中心句為最后一句This is a purely person-skills match approach to selection。這是個(gè)下定義句型,一般下定義的句型(A is B, A is defined as….,A is called…, The definition of A is ….)我們可以看之為中心句,這種方法在劍2T1P2B段和E段都有體現(xiàn)。這種段落結(jié)構(gòu)而后上面的兩種不一樣,這種結(jié)構(gòu)的出現(xiàn)并不多。
四.分總分段落。即在分總的基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)分述某些具體內(nèi)容,參見(jiàn)劍3T1P3Q3.
五.對(duì)比段落結(jié)構(gòu)。此種段落的特征為段落中間方向發(fā)生改變(如轉(zhuǎn)折),因此,如果段落當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)but, however, while之類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)折詞,轉(zhuǎn)折后面是重點(diǎn),可作為中心句的位置。如劍6T2P1B段。這種段落結(jié)構(gòu)在雅思閱讀文章結(jié)構(gòu)中是以說(shuō)明性的科技文章比較多。
六.并列段落結(jié)構(gòu)。幾個(gè)共同的例子說(shuō)明同樣的問(wèn)題。如劍2T3P3A段。
以上6雅思文章的段落結(jié)構(gòu)都是一些非常常見(jiàn)的段落結(jié)構(gòu)形式,但是大家想要掌握這些結(jié)構(gòu)還是需要經(jīng)過(guò)多次的雅思閱讀文章的練習(xí)才能達(dá)到的。
雅思閱讀技巧:段落標(biāo)題題
Paragraph headings(段落標(biāo)題)最頻繁的題型之一
在閱讀文章的后面給出list of headings,一般是10個(gè)左右選項(xiàng),其中含一到兩個(gè)段落及其標(biāo)題的例子。要求對(duì)題目中給出的段落,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容找出與其相匹配的段落標(biāo)題。盡管題目說(shuō)明中提示一個(gè)選項(xiàng)可能會(huì)適用多個(gè),但正式考試中一般一個(gè)選項(xiàng)只能用于一個(gè)段落。
段落標(biāo)題類(lèi)答題步驟:
1. 首先在list of headings中劃去做為例子的heading 或headings,以免在根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容在list of headings中找出與其相匹配的段落標(biāo)題時(shí),它(它們)會(huì)干擾考試者對(duì)其他headings的選擇。
2. 在文章中把做為例子的段落劃掉,以免對(duì)例子段落進(jìn)行不必要的精讀。
3. 對(duì)題目中給出的段落,按照首句(第一、二句)、末句和中間句尋找主題句的方法,在list of headings中找出與其相匹配的段落標(biāo)題。
4. 如果時(shí)間允許,按照文章的段落順序,對(duì)非題目中給出的段落及例子段落進(jìn)行快速閱讀,而對(duì)題目中給出并要求找出與其相匹配的段落標(biāo)題的段落進(jìn)行精讀。找出其中心意思后,再在list of headings中找出與其相匹配的段落標(biāo)題。
5. 選出幾個(gè)可能匹配的題目進(jìn)行比較(通常兩至三個(gè)),當(dāng)然其中只能有一個(gè)為正確答案。
6. 對(duì)于第一種匹配題型可以將最難的題留在最后進(jìn)行匹配,不要在較難的題上花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間,而應(yīng)選擇較易回答的題目進(jìn)行匹配,最后所剩即為該難題的答案。
7. 要仔細(xì)檢察答案,特別是第一題型,因?yàn)榇疱e(cuò)一題,就意味著答錯(cuò)兩道題。
雅思備考:如何應(yīng)對(duì)閱讀干擾項(xiàng)
一、 重要干擾項(xiàng)
重要干擾項(xiàng)就是指,這種選項(xiàng)雖然不是正確答案,卻與原文不沖突(或者很難判斷是否與原文沖突),它們與正確答案看起來(lái)比較相似,只不過(guò)不如正確答案更準(zhǔn)確、更完整或更嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。我們和小編一起來(lái)看下面的例子:
In Tarkovsky’s opinion, the attraction of the cinema is that it
Aaims to impress its audience.
Btells stories better than books.
Cillustrates the passing of time.
Ddescribes familiar events.
我們可以定位到原文的C段和D段,C段提到:The frightened audience could not accept that they were watching a mere picture. Pictures were still, only reality moved; this must, therefore, be reality. In their confusion, they feared that a real train was about to crush them. 這一段文字表達(dá)了觀眾當(dāng)時(shí)的反應(yīng),觀眾們很難接受自己看到的是圖畫(huà)而不是事實(shí)。D段提到:The key to that magic was the way in which cinema created a dynamic image of the real flow of events. A still picture could only imply the existence of time, while time in a novel passed at the whim of the reader. But in cinema, the real, objective flow of time was captured. 這段文字描述了電影創(chuàng)造了事件隨時(shí)間的發(fā)展演變,并且用picture和novel進(jìn)行類(lèi)比,強(qiáng)調(diào)電影的魔力是讓人清楚地看到事情流暢地隨時(shí)間演變。
根據(jù)這兩段文字所表達(dá)的意思,很多學(xué)生會(huì)選擇A或B選項(xiàng),因?yàn)樵奶峒傲擞^眾、小說(shuō)(書(shū))的內(nèi)容。A和B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)與原文所講的內(nèi)容并不是矛盾或完全不符合的。因此,這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)就干擾了我們正確的選擇。當(dāng)我們把這兩段文字仔細(xì)推敲之后,發(fā)現(xiàn)描述觀眾的反應(yīng)和對(duì)比書(shū)和電影的區(qū)別,都是為了表達(dá)電影的魔力在于表達(dá)事件隨時(shí)間的發(fā)展這一主題含義。C項(xiàng)的含義比AB要更準(zhǔn)確,因此答案選擇C項(xiàng)。
二、 錯(cuò)誤干擾項(xiàng)
相比之下,多選題目的錯(cuò)誤干擾項(xiàng)就較容易識(shí)別出來(lái)了。我們可以看到,有些題目中,某個(gè)選項(xiàng)與原文是直接矛盾的,那么肯定不會(huì)選擇它為正確的答案。比如:
Arecent survey found that in British secondary schools,
Athere was more bullying than had previously been the case.
Bthere was less bullying than in primary schools.
Ccases of persistent bullying were very common.
Dindirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.
我們看到原文,其中有一句話(huà)是:There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying. 通過(guò)這句話(huà),我們可以明顯地判斷出,C項(xiàng)的含義與原文是矛盾的。very common和one in twenty-five的比例是明顯不符的。因此,C選項(xiàng)就是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的干擾項(xiàng),我們可以確定地排除答案是C項(xiàng)的可能性。
雅思備考:易混淆的關(guān)聯(lián)詞
?、俦硎九e例
acase in point, after all, as an proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just as, namely, specifically, to illustrate, to demonstrate
?、诒硎驹鲅a(bǔ)
additionally, along with, also, as well as, besides, equally, even, furthermore, in addition, just as, moreover, not only…but also…, what’s more
?、郾硎緩?qiáng)調(diào)
above all, as a matter of fact, indeed, in fact, most important, obviously, to be sure, truly, undoubtedly, without doubt
?、鼙硎颈容^
by comparison, equally, equally important, in comparison, in the same way, in the same manner, likewise, similarly
?、荼硎咀尣?/p>
admittedly, after all, all the same, although, even so, in spite of, nevertheless
?、薇硎窘Y(jié)果
accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in this way, so, therefore, thus.
?、弑硎巨D(zhuǎn)折
although, but, despite, except for, though, however, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, otherwise, rather than, though, yet.
?、啾硎窘Y(jié)論
as has been noted(mentioned, stated), at last, finally, in a word, all in all, in brief, in conclusion, in short, in sum, in summary, to conclude, to sum up , to summarize.
明白雅思閱讀文章的段落結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)于雅思閱讀題目的解答幫助非常大,以上就是小編給大家分享的雅思備考相關(guān)內(nèi)容,希望可以給大家在備考的過(guò)程中帶來(lái)幫助。
- 相關(guān)熱點(diǎn):
- 出國(guó)留學(xué)
- 雅思
- 專(zhuān)八真題及答案