大家好，四六級(jí)考試臨近，本小編（ID：hujiangcet）為了幫助廣大考生過(guò)級(jí)，特開(kāi)辟新欄目，考前每天一篇翻譯練習(xí)（選取最有可能考的翻譯題材、段落），供大家日常練習(xí)用。

聲明：押題只是練習(xí)翻譯手感，積累話題詞匯，練習(xí)?？季涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)，切勿迷信。


一、乒乓球

  1. 原文

乒乓球在中國(guó)是一項(xiàng)頗受歡迎和推崇的運(yùn)動(dòng)。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，它的確是中國(guó)唯一的運(yùn)動(dòng)，似乎集足球、籃球和棒球于一身，但卻更受歡迎。

任何人都可以打乒乓球，所需的只是一副拍子(paddle)、一個(gè)球、一張桌子和一張網(wǎng)而已，這些都易于臨時(shí)拼湊。

人們可以在休息間隙或消磨時(shí)間時(shí)打兵兵球。在中國(guó)的學(xué)校、工廠甚至某些公司里，都能找到乒兵球桌。

?

參考翻譯

Table tennis is a sport that gains much popularity and praise in China. For a long time, it has really been the only sport in China and seemed to set football, basketball, and baseball all rolled into one, but it was more popular.

Anyone can play table tennis, for all required are a pair of paddles and ball and a table and net, which are easy to be improvised.

People can play it when taking a break or killing time. You can find table-tennis tables in schools, factories, or even some companies all over China.

?

難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥

1.乒乓球在中國(guó)是一項(xiàng)頗受歡迎和推崇的運(yùn)動(dòng)：“頗受歡迎和推崇”可譯為 which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，用 gain much popularity and praise 表達(dá)。

2.長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，它的確是中國(guó)唯一的運(yùn)動(dòng)，似乎集足球、籃球和棒球于一身，但卻更受歡迎：“集…于一身”是固定短語(yǔ)，可譯為set...all rolled into one。

3.所需的只是一副拍子、一個(gè)球、一張桌子和一張網(wǎng)而已，這些都易于臨時(shí)拼湊:整句可譯為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)?！八璧摹笨煞g為all required，翻譯表語(yǔ)“一副拍子、一個(gè)球、一張桌子和一張網(wǎng)”時(shí)需要注意，球和球拍通常放在一起，桌子和桌網(wǎng)則是一對(duì)，“一副拍子”可譯為a pair of paddles，故表語(yǔ)部分可譯為a pair of paddles and ball and a table and net。需要注意像這種“一副；一條”等整體名詞，必須用復(fù)數(shù)，如a pair of glasses (一副眼鏡），a pair of trousers(一條褲子)等。

4.這些都易于臨時(shí)拼湊:可譯為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，即which are easy to be improvised；improvise意為“臨時(shí)湊合；即興表演”，因此無(wú)需增加temporarily (臨時(shí)地)。

?

2. 原文

提到中國(guó)體育不能不說(shuō)乒乓球。乒乓球?yàn)橹袊?guó)贏得了無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)世界冠軍(championship)，給國(guó)人帶來(lái)無(wú)窮的喜悅與自豪感。

此外，乒乓球一直是中國(guó)人最喜愛(ài)的運(yùn)動(dòng)之一。無(wú)論在學(xué)校、社區(qū)(residential areas)，還是公園、廣場(chǎng)，都可以看到乒乓球和人們揮拍的身影。

上至花甲老人，下至年幼孩童都可以揮上幾拍，這也是乒乓球被稱為中國(guó)國(guó)球的另一原因。

?

參考翻譯

When it comes to China sports, we cannot avoid mentioning table tennis. This sport has helped China win countless world championships, bringing Chinese people a lot of happiness and a sense of pride.

In addition, table tennis has always been one of the favorite sports of the Chinese people. You will see table tennis and its players everywhere, no matter in schools, residential areas, parks, or squares.

Both elder people and children are able to play it more or less. This is another reason why it is called the "Chinese National Ball"。

?

難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥

1. 第1句“提到中國(guó)體育不能不說(shuō)乒乓球”可套用句型When…we cannot avoid mentioning sth.來(lái)表達(dá)“當(dāng)……時(shí)不能不說(shuō)……”的意思。該句中“提到”和“說(shuō)”意義相近，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)避免用詞重復(fù)?！疤岬健庇枚陶Z(yǔ)when it comes to來(lái)表達(dá)，也可通俗地說(shuō)成when we talk about…。

2. 第2句中“贏得了……”和“帶來(lái)……”為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，翻譯時(shí)，可將其直譯為and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，也可將后半句譯成現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)bringing Chinese people a lot of happiness and a sense of pride，作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

3. 第4句中的“都可以看到乒乓球和人們揮拍的身影”這個(gè)句子中，主語(yǔ)因約定俗成而省略，這種“無(wú)主語(yǔ)句”在漢語(yǔ)中頻頻出現(xiàn)，翻譯成英文時(shí)往往要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的重要性進(jìn)行相應(yīng)補(bǔ)全或譯成無(wú)主語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句，此處宜將主語(yǔ)you補(bǔ)充出來(lái)。該句中“揮拍的身影”省譯更符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，只需譯出“看到乒乓球和人們”即可。

4. 最后一句中的“花甲老人”和“年幼孩童”分別用elder people和children來(lái)表達(dá)即可，不必譯出“花甲”、“年幼”二詞。在處理一些為了行文需要而存在的中文表達(dá)時(shí)，應(yīng)采取“減詞”的翻譯策略，否則譯文反而顯得累贅或違背英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

?

二、蹴鞠

原文

蹴鞠是中國(guó)古代的一項(xiàng)球類運(yùn)動(dòng)，很可能產(chǎn)生于先秦時(shí)期。競(jìng)技性蹴鞠運(yùn)動(dòng)主要用于士兵的體能訓(xùn)練，而其他方式的蹴鞠運(yùn)動(dòng)則是流行于民間的娛樂(lè)方式。

蹴鞠在漢朝時(shí)已非常流行，在唐宋時(shí)期達(dá)到頂峰，并發(fā)展出多種玩法。

然而到了明代，蹴鞠在軍隊(duì)中被禁止，因?yàn)榛噬险J(rèn)為沉溺于蹴鞠運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)破壞軍人士氣。

盡管如此，該禁令并未改變蹴鞠的娛樂(lè)性質(zhì)，這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)仍然在民間流行。清代中葉以后，隨著現(xiàn)代足球的傳入，中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的蹴鞠運(yùn)動(dòng)被現(xiàn)代足球取代。

2004年，國(guó)際足聯(lián)確認(rèn)足球的最早形式是蹴鞠。2006年，蹴鞠經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)列入國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。

?

參考翻譯

Cujuis a ball game in ancient China that probably came into existence during the pre-Qin period. The competitive form of cuju mainly served as fitness training for soldiers, while other forms were prevalent among the commoners for entertainment.

In the Han Dynasty, the sport of cuju became very popular. During the Tang and Song dynasties, cuju reached its zenith and evolved into several different ways to play.

However, cuju was banned in the army during the Ming Dynasty, as the emperors worried excessive indulgence in the game would corrupt the morale of the soldiers.

But the ban didn’t change the recreational nature of the sport, which was still popular among the people. With the introduction of modern football after the Mid-Qing Dynasty, the traditional Chinese cuju game was replaced by its modern counterpart.

Cuju was recognized by FIFA in 2004 as the earliest form of football. In 2006, cuju was added to the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List by the State Council.

?

難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥

1 “蹴鞠運(yùn)動(dòng)”在本句中出現(xiàn)兩次，因結(jié)構(gòu)一致，第二處“蹴鞠運(yùn)動(dòng)”在翻譯時(shí)可以省略。另外，句中的“流行”譯成了prevalent，以體現(xiàn)用詞的變化。

2 這里將“這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)仍然在民間流行”翻譯成了非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，和原句中的功能相當(dāng)。當(dāng)然，也可以翻譯為獨(dú)立的單句The game was still popular among the people。

3句中的“現(xiàn)代足球”與中國(guó)古代的蹴鞠屬于同類運(yùn)動(dòng)，將“被現(xiàn)代足球取代”譯為replaced by its modern counterpart十分貼切。當(dāng)然，也可翻譯為replaced by modern football。

?

三、武術(shù)

原文

中華武術(shù)又稱功夫，是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分。作為一項(xiàng)寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)，中華武術(shù)源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，在民間的影響根深蒂固。

武術(shù)起源于中國(guó)古代人民防身、捕獵和軍事訓(xùn)練的需要。如今，人們習(xí)武則是出于防身、競(jìng)技、娛樂(lè)，以及增進(jìn)身心健康等目的。

隨著國(guó)際文化交流的加深，中華武術(shù)越來(lái)越受到外國(guó)人的喜愛(ài)。有不少外國(guó)人到中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)功夫。

近年來(lái)，中國(guó)拍攝了一系列武俠電影，擴(kuò)大了中華武術(shù)的影響，對(duì)中華武術(shù)走向世界起到了推動(dòng)作用。武術(shù)已成為傳播中國(guó)文化的重要途徑之一。

參考翻譯

Chinese martial arts, also known as kung fu, are an important part of traditional Chinese culture. As a precious cultural heritage, Chinese martial arts boast a long history and exert a deep-rooted influence among the people.

Martial arts stemmed from the need for self-defense, hunting, and military training in ancient China. At present, people practice martial arts for a variety of purposes: self-defense, competition, entertainment, as well as mental and physical health.

With the increasing international cultural exchanges, Chinese martial arts are getting more and more popular with foreigners. Many foreigners come to China to learn Chinese kung fu.

In recent years, China made a series of martial arts films, which have extended the influence of Chinese martial arts and helped it advance to the world. Chinese martial arts have become one of the important ways to spread Chinese culture.

難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥

1. “功夫”一詞已被收入英語(yǔ)詞典，因此不宜用拼音翻譯。

2. 句中“源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)”指的是歷史悠久，因此翻譯為boast a long history?！坝绊懜畹俟獭笔侵髦^結(jié)構(gòu)，在翻譯時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)譯為adeep-rooted influence，更符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

3. 本句的重點(diǎn)信息是“中國(guó)拍攝了一系列武俠電影”，后面的“擴(kuò)大了中華武術(shù)的影響，對(duì)中華武術(shù)走向世界起到了推動(dòng)作用”是對(duì)這些電影的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。從英語(yǔ)行文的結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)看，將后面的內(nèi)容翻譯為定語(yǔ)從句十分合適。

?

四、故宮

原文

故宮，又名紫禁城，為明清共二十四位皇帝統(tǒng)治中國(guó)近500年的皇宮。

它位于北京市中心，在天安門廣場(chǎng)的北側(cè)，形狀為長(zhǎng)方形。南北長(zhǎng)960米，東西寬 750米，占地72公頃，總建筑面積達(dá)15萬(wàn)平方米。

故宮是世界上現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大、最完整的古代木構(gòu)宮殿。

它分為外朝和內(nèi)廷兩部分，外朝是皇帝上朝處理國(guó)家大事的地方，內(nèi)廷是皇帝和皇室的居住地。

1987年，故宮被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)。

?

參考翻譯

The Imperial Palace, also called the Forbidden City was the palace where the 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for roughly 500 years.

The Imperial Palace is located in the center of Beijing, on the northern side of Tian’anmen Square, rectangular in shape, 960 meters from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, with an area of 72 hectares and a total floor space of 150 000 square meters.

It’s the world’s largest and most integral palace made of wood in existence.

The Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court.

The outer court was the place where the emperors gave audience and handled state affairs, while the inner court was the living quarters for the emperors and their families.

In 1987 the Imperial Palace was listed by the UNESCO as one of the World Cultural Heritage sites.

?

翻譯詞匯

故宮 the Imperial Palace

紫禁城 the Forbidden City

天安門廣場(chǎng) Tian’anmen Square

長(zhǎng)方形 rectangular

建筑面積 floor space

現(xiàn)存 in existence

上朝 give audience

處理 handle

世界文化遺產(chǎn) World Cultural Heritage

?

五、頤和園

原文

頤和園(the Summer Palace)位于北京市西北部的海淀區(qū)，距北京市中心15公里。

它是中國(guó)最大、保存最完好的皇家園林。

頤和園有著名的自然風(fēng)景和人文景觀(cultural landscape),因此它也一直被公認(rèn)為是“皇家園林博物館”。

顧和園始建于1750年，作為一座豪華的皇家花園供皇室成員休息和娛樂(lè)。

清朝末期，頤和園成為了皇家成員的主要居住地。

它位列世界遺產(chǎn)(the World Heritage Sites)目錄，也是中國(guó)第一批國(guó)家5A級(jí)旅游景區(qū)之一。

?

參考翻譯

The Summer Palace is situated in the Haidian District, northwest of Beijing City,15 kilometers from central Beijing.

It is the largest and most well-preserved royal park in China.

It also has long been recognized as “the Museum of Royal gardens” with famous natural view and cultural landscape.

The construction started in 1750 as a luxurious royal garden for royal families to rest and entertain.

It became the main residence of royal members in the end of the Qing Dynasty.

It not only ranks amongst the World Heritage Sites but also is one of the first national AAAAA tourist spots in China.

?

詞句點(diǎn)撥

1.它也一直被公認(rèn)為是“皇家園林博物館”:該句的主語(yǔ)是it，謂語(yǔ)是be recognized。其中recognize意為“確認(rèn)，承認(rèn)”，be recognized as意為被公認(rèn)為。

2.頤和園始建于1750年，作為一座豪華的皇家花園供皇室成員休息和娛樂(lè):該句看似復(fù)雜，其實(shí)也可以翻譯為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。其中the Summer Palace作主語(yǔ)，但為了避免和上面重復(fù)，可以用the construction代替。謂語(yǔ)是start，意為“開(kāi)始”，其他部分可作為狀語(yǔ)來(lái)翻譯。

3.它位列世界遺產(chǎn)目錄，也是中國(guó)第一批國(guó)家5A級(jí)旅游景區(qū)之一:該句可以譯為固定搭配not only...but also…連接的兩個(gè)并列句。其中“位列世界遺產(chǎn)目錄”可譯為ranked amongst the World Heritage Sites,amongst可等同于among。

?

六、長(zhǎng)城

原文

長(zhǎng)城被稱為中國(guó)的奇跡，擁有兩千多年的歷史。

從空中俯瞰，它像一條長(zhǎng)龍，從西向東蜿蜒前行，總長(zhǎng)約6700公里。

從春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期(the Spring and Autumn PeriodandWarring States Period)起，各諸侯國(guó)開(kāi)始修建城墻以保護(hù)邊境。

秦朝建立以后，秦始皇把這些城墻連接起來(lái)，成為長(zhǎng)城。

然而，當(dāng)時(shí)的長(zhǎng)城大都已經(jīng)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中損毀，而現(xiàn)存的長(zhǎng)城主要是明朝時(shí)修建的。

長(zhǎng)城最初是為了抵抗來(lái)自北方的侵略，如今已成為旅游勝地，吸引了來(lái)自世界各地的游客。

有句諺語(yǔ)：“不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢”，足以見(jiàn)證長(zhǎng)城的雄偉壯觀(grandeur)。

?

參考翻譯

The Great Wall, with a history of more than 2,000 years, was regarded as a wonder of China.

From a bird's-eye view, it is just like a dragon winding itself from west to east, stretching forapproximately6,700 kilometers.

Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the walls had been put up to defend the borders by the kingdoms.

After the founding of Qin Dynasty，Qin ShiHuang had all the walls joined together to make "The Great Wall”.

While most of the walls were ruined in wars, the majority of the Great Wall we see today was mainly built during Ming Dynasty.

The Great Wall, originally built to resist the invasion from the North, now has become a well-known place of interest, attracting tourists from all over the world.

As a saying goes, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man"，which is evidence of its grandeur.

?

詞句點(diǎn)撥

1.第二句中的“從西向東蜿蜓前行，總長(zhǎng)約6700公里”，描述的主語(yǔ)都是“它”—長(zhǎng)城，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)winding...stretching...作狀語(yǔ)，對(duì)長(zhǎng)城做進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明;“總長(zhǎng)”可在stretch for后面直接用數(shù)字表示。

2.第三句中的“各諸侯國(guó)開(kāi)始修建城墻以保護(hù)邊境”可譯為主動(dòng)態(tài)the kingdoms had built the walls to defend theirborders，也可用the walls作主語(yǔ)，使用被動(dòng)態(tài)來(lái)表達(dá)。

3.例數(shù)第二句中的“長(zhǎng)城成為旅游勝地”可翻譯為英文句的主干，“吸引了來(lái)自各界各地的游客”，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)attracting...表伴隨狀況“最初是為了…”處理為過(guò)去分詞originallybuilt to...作目的狀語(yǔ)。

4.最后一句話中，“有句諺語(yǔ)”可使用as a saying goes這一句型;“足以見(jiàn)…”是對(duì)諺語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，可使用which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

?