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一、唐詩

1.?原文

唐詩(Tang poetry )泛指創(chuàng)作于唐代(618年-907年)的詩。

唐詩是漢族最珍貴的文化遺產(chǎn)之一，同時(shí)也對(duì)周邊民族和國家的文化發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了很大影響。

唐詩中流傳最廣的當(dāng)屬收錄在《唐詩三百首》(Three Hundred Poems of the TangDynasty)中的詩歌，里面收錄的許多詩篇都為后人所熟知。

唐代的詩人特別多，其中李白、杜甫等都是世界聞名的偉大詩人，他們的作品有很多都是膾炙人口的詩篇。

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參考翻譯

Tang poetry generally refers to poems written during the Tang Dynasty (618 A.D.-907A.D.).

Tang poetry is one of the most valuable cultural heritages of the Han Chinese. Meanwhile, it also has a great influence on the cultural development of neighboring ethnic groups and nations.

The most widely spread among Tang poems are definitely the poems that are included in the “Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty”，many of which are quite popular with people of later generations.

There are lots of poets in the Tang Dynasty, among whom Li Bai and Du Fu are world-famous. Many of the two great poets’ works are household poems.

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難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥

1.泛指：翻譯為generally refer to,其中“泛”即一般來說，故譯為 generally 即可。

2.漢族：應(yīng)譯為Han Chinese。

3.產(chǎn)生了很大影響：用固定短語have a great influenceon...來表達(dá)即可。

4.流傳最廣：翻譯為the most widely spread, “流傳”用動(dòng)詞spread表達(dá)，而表示范圍的最廣譯為副詞widely即可。注意此處的spread為spread的過去分詞形式，表被動(dòng)意義。

5.膾炙人口的詩篇：翻譯為household poems,其中膾炙人口用形容詞 household表達(dá)，即“家喻戶曉”。

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2. 原文

唐詩(Tang poetry)是中國珍貴的文化遺產(chǎn)，在中國文學(xué)和詩歌中占據(jù)重要地位。

唐朝是中國詩歌的黃金時(shí)代，《全唐詩》(Complete Tang Poems)收錄了2200多位詩人所作的近5萬首唐詩。

唐代的詩人特別多，李白、杜甫、白居易是世界聞名的偉大詩人。

唐詩的題材非常廣泛，從自然現(xiàn)象、政治動(dòng)態(tài)(dynamics)到社會(huì)風(fēng)俗、個(gè)人感受，幾乎包括生活的方方面面。

《唐詩三百首》(300 Tang Poems)是后人編選的最受歡迎的唐詩集，在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)流傳廣泛，很多詩歌被中國的中小學(xué)語文教科書所采用。

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參考翻譯

The Tang poetry, a precious cultural heritage of China, occupied a significant place in the field of Chinese literature and Chinese poetry.

Tang Dynasty was the golden age of Chinese poetry. The Complete Tang Poems collected almost 50,000 Tang poems written by over 2,200 poets.

There were a large number of poets in Tang Dynasty, among whom Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi were the greatest poets renowned in the world.

The subjects of Tang poetry were rather extensive, ranging from natural phenomena and political dynamics to social customs and personal feelings, embracing almost every aspect of people's lives.

The 300 Tang Poems was a collection of the most popular Tang poems compiled by the later generations. In modern society, it is so widespread that many of the poems have been adopted in the Chinese language textbooks of primary schools and secondary schools.

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難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥

1.第一句漢語的重心在后半句，因此可將“唐詩在中國文學(xué)和詩歌中占據(jù)重要地位”譯為英語的主句，“是中國珍貴的文化遺產(chǎn)”可譯作“唐詩”的同位語或定語從句。

2.第二句由兩個(gè)短句組成，敘述了兩個(gè)不同的事物，即“唐朝”和“《全唐詩》”，因此難以建立內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，可拆譯為兩個(gè)獨(dú)立句子。后一句的主干是“《全唐詩》收錄了近5萬首唐詩”;“2200多位詩人所作的”可采用過去分詞短語writtenby...作后置定語。

3.第三句“唐代的詩人特別多…”前后部分的內(nèi)容存在包含和被包含的關(guān)系，可考慮將“唐代詩人特別多”作為主句，后半句處理為among whom...引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

4.第四句“唐詩的題材非常廣泛…”較長，可考慮將句子的中心“唐詩的題材非常廣泛”譯為主干;“從…到…”和“幾乎包括…”隱含的邏輯主語都是“唐詩的題材”，可考慮將后半部分處理為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語的形式，即ranging from...to...和 embracing...。

5.最后一句較長，可考慮拆譯為兩句?！啊短圃娙偈住肥亲钍軞g迎的唐詩集”相為前一句的主干，“后人編選的” 譯為過去分詞短語作后置定語。后一句可采用so...that句型，將“流傳廣泛”作為主句，增譯主語it，指代《唐詩三百首》，即is so widespread;“很多詩歌被...”譯為that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。

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3. 原文

唐代是中國古典詩歌的鼎盛時(shí)期，在不到300年的時(shí)間里，產(chǎn)生了許多著名的詩人和詩作。

時(shí)至今日，有超過5萬首唐詩和2000多位唐代詩人為人們所熟知。

其中，唐代最著名的詩人是李白和杜甫。

李白生性無拘無束，才華橫溢，他創(chuàng)作了大量贊美祖國大好河山的詩篇。

杜甫年輕時(shí)坎坷的生活經(jīng)歷，使他更好地了解了社會(huì)的黑暗和人民的困苦。

最流行的唐詩作品集或許是由清朝的學(xué)者孫洙編著的《唐詩三百首》(300 Tang Poems)。

唐詩一直在影響著世界文學(xué)和現(xiàn)代詩歌。

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參考翻譯

The Tang Dynasty was the peak of Chinese classical poetry and many distinguished poets and poetry appeared during this period of less than 300 years.

Up till now, over 50,000 poems and 2,000 poets of the Tang Dynasty have been well-known among people.

The best-known poets during the Tang Dynasty are Li Bai and Du Fu.

Being independent and full of talent, Li Bai created a great many poems to praise the wonderful mountains and brilliant rivers.

Du Fu's rough experiences when he was young made him know better about the darkness of society and the people's sufferings.

The most popular Tang poems collection might be the 300 Tang Poems compiled by the scholar Sun Zhu of the Qing Dynasty.

Tang poetry has had an ongoing influence on world literature and modern poetry.

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難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥

1.鼎盛時(shí)期：可譯為peak，原意為“頂峰，頂點(diǎn)”。

2.無拘無束：可譯為independent，它有“不愿受約束的，向往自由的”之意。

3.才華橫溢：可譯為full of talent。

4.大好河山：即“美好的山河”，可譯為wonderful mountains and brilliant rivers。

5.社會(huì)的黑暗和人民的困苦：可譯為the darkness of society and the people's sufferings.

6.一直在影響著…：可譯為have an ongoing influence on…

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二、宋詞

原文

宋詞(Song Ci)是古代詩歌的一種，可以配樂歌唱，又稱曲子詞。

因?yàn)樗卧~句子長短不一，所以又稱“長短句(Changduanju)”。

詞有各種曲調(diào)，因此演唱方式多種多樣。

詞在宋朝達(dá)到鼎盛時(shí)期。

和唐詩一樣，宋詞在中國文學(xué)史上占有重要地位。

在詞的發(fā)展過程中，涌現(xiàn)出很多杰出的詞人，如蘇軾、李清照、辛棄疾、陸游等。

如今宋詞仍然很受歡迎。

《宋詞三百首》(Three Hundred Song Ci Poems)一書非常流行，很多著名的詞作都被重新譜曲演唱。

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參考翻譯

Song Ci is one form of ancient poetry and can be sung to music，thus it's also called musical Ci poetry.

Since the length of the lines in a Ci poem can vary, it is also called Changduanju (lines of irregular lengths).

Due to various tunes used for them, Ci poems can be sung in different ways.

Ci poetry reached its peak during the Song Dynasty.

Like Tang poetry, Song Ci poetry plays an important role in the history of Chinese literature as well.

In the process of its development, a lot of prominent Ci composers appeared such as Su Shi, LiQingzhao, Xin Qiji, and Lu You, etc.

Song Ci remains popular even today.

The book Three Hundred Song Ci Poems is very popular, and a good number of famous Ci poems have been set to new tunes for singing.

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難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥

1. 可以配樂歌唱：即“可以隨著音樂歌唱”，可譯為can be sung to music。這里注意介詞to的應(yīng)用，在表示“伴隨音樂”的時(shí)候用介詞to，例如dance to music(隨著音樂起舞)。

2.又稱：即“也被稱做”，可譯為be known as 或 be also called.

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三、元曲

原文

元曲(Yuan opera)是中國一種別具一格的文學(xué)形式和戲劇形式。

它首先流行于民間，內(nèi)容充滿了生活氣息。

元曲有固定的格式，但相比于唐詩宋詞(Tang and Song poetry)，有較大的靈活性。

歷史上涌現(xiàn)了一批杰出元曲劇作家(playwright)，其中以關(guān)漢卿最負(fù)盛名。

元曲和唐詩宋詞一樣，是中國古典文學(xué)的重要組成部分。

元曲的興起對(duì)于中國民族詩歌的發(fā)展和文化的繁榮有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

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參考翻譯

Yuan opera is a characteristic form of literature and drama in China.

It first became popular among common people as its content was full of the flavor of life.

Yuan opera has its own fixed form but is quite more flexible compared with Tang and Song poetry.

There appeared in history a number of outstanding playwrights of Yuan opera, among whom Guan Hanqing was the most famous, like Tang and Song poetry.

Yuan opera is an important part of Chinese classical literature.

The rising of Yuan opera has great influences on the development of national poetry and the prosperity of culture in China.

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難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥

1.第2句中的兩個(gè)分句“它首先流行于民間”及“內(nèi)容充滿了生活氣息”隱含因果關(guān)系，翻譯時(shí)可將這層關(guān)系譯出，把第2個(gè)分句處理為as或for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。該句中的“生活氣息”直譯為flavor of life，該短語在文中實(shí)際上是指元曲講述的都是日常生活，故該句也可意譯為its content filled with daily/social life。

2.翻譯第3句“元曲有固定的格式，但相比于唐詩宋詞，有較大的靈活性”時(shí)，為了論述連貫，應(yīng)將第2、3分句的位置對(duì)調(diào)?！跋啾扔?.....”用短語compared with來表達(dá)。整句可譯為Yuan opera has its... but is quite …compared with Tang and Song poetry

3.第4句中的“歷史上涌現(xiàn)了……”是無主語句，翻譯時(shí)可將“元曲劇作家”作為句子的主語，譯作A number of... playwrights sprang up...；或者可用句型 There appeared in history...來表達(dá)?！捌渲幸躁P(guān)卿......”處理成用among whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾前面的“元曲劇作家”,譯作among whom Guan Hanqing was the most famous。

4.第5句中的狀語“和唐詩宋詞一樣”表達(dá)為Like Tang and Song poetry,置句首。“元曲”則移至后半句作主語，“元曲是中國古典文學(xué)的重要組成部分”譯作Yuan opera is an important part...?！爸袊诺湮膶W(xué)的”用介詞短語 of Chinese classical literature 來表達(dá)。

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