大家好，四六級(jí)考試臨近。聽(tīng)說(shuō)你們翻譯還不會(huì)寫(xiě)？？今天的文章拯救你?。。?/p>

聲明：本文為滬江英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)原創(chuàng)，未經(jīng)授權(quán)，禁止轉(zhuǎn)載。

四六級(jí)翻譯考情綜述

2013年四六級(jí)考試改革后，翻譯就從之前的單句翻譯改為段落翻譯，主要考察內(nèi)容“涉及中國(guó)文化、歷史及社會(huì)發(fā)展三大方面”<2016新四六級(jí)考綱>。

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而細(xì)查歷年考題，考查的話題更為具體。如2017年考的長(zhǎng)江/黃河/珠江，黃山/華山/泰山、太湖/青海湖/洞庭湖等屬于中國(guó)地理；而社會(huì)發(fā)展類目下，經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技、教育等也都有涉及。

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經(jīng)過(guò)分析，四、六級(jí)翻譯?？荚掝}按考頻排列：中國(guó)歷史文化＞ 社會(huì)發(fā)展＞ 中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)。

區(qū)別在于，六級(jí)翻譯考查中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的比重遠(yuǎn)大于四級(jí)，而社會(huì)發(fā)展這塊略高于四級(jí)。歷史文化部分，不論是四級(jí)翻譯還是六級(jí)翻譯，都占大頭。

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今天閣主（微信ID：hujiangcet）就把大綱中規(guī)定必考的3大話題，總結(jié)出了?？计滦形哪０?，當(dāng)然貼心地附帶翻譯，且配上了考過(guò)的真題供大家對(duì)照學(xué)習(xí)，希望能幫助大家高效復(fù)習(xí)~

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一、中國(guó)歷史文化3大篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

根據(jù)歷年考情，為了方便大家記憶，閣主把中國(guó)歷史文化題材的行文篇章分成了3類：傳統(tǒng)文化、節(jié)日類、景點(diǎn)建筑類。


比如：中國(guó)燈籠，最早起源于1800多年前的西漢時(shí)期。

Chinese lanterns first originated in Western Han Dynasty some 1,800 years ago.

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代表考題：16.6 四級(jí) 功夫 17.6 紅色/白色/黃色

功夫（Kung Fu）是中國(guó)武術(shù)（martial arts）的俗稱。中國(guó)武術(shù)的起源可以追溯到自衛(wèi)的需要，狩獵活動(dòng)以及古代中國(guó)的軍事訓(xùn)練。它是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的一種，年輕人和老年人都練。它已逐漸演變成了中國(guó)文化的獨(dú)特元素。作為中國(guó)的國(guó)寶，功夫有上百種不同的風(fēng)格，是世界上練得最多的武術(shù)形式。有些風(fēng)格模仿了動(dòng)物的動(dòng)作，還有一些則受到了中國(guó)哲學(xué)思想、神話和傳說(shuō)的啟發(fā)。

Chinese martial arts, known as Kung Fu, can be traced back to the needs of self-defense, hunting activities and ancient China military training. Kung Fu , one of the Chinese traditional sports, is being practised by both the youth and the old people and has gradually become a special element of Chinese culture. As a national treasure of China, Kung Fu has hundreds of different styles, and is the martial arts practised most in the world. Some styles imitate the movements of animals, while some are inspired by Chinese philosophy thinking, myths and legends. （文都教育版）

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在中國(guó)文化中，黃顏色是一種很重要的顏色，因?yàn)樗哂歇?dú)特的象征意義。在封建（feudal)社會(huì)中，它象征統(tǒng)治者的權(quán)力和權(quán)威。那時(shí)，黃色是專為皇帝使用的顏色，皇家宮殿全都漆成黃色，皇袍總是黃色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黃色衣服的。在中國(guó)，黃色也是收獲的象征。秋天莊稼成熟時(shí)，田野變得一片金黃。人們興高采烈，慶祝豐收。

In Chinese culture, yellow is a very important color because of its unique symbolic meaning. In feudal society, it symbolizes the rulers’ power and authority. At that time, yellow was the color for the emperor. The royal palace was entirely painted yellow and the imperial robe was always yellow too, but common people were forbidden to wear yellow clothes. In China, yellow also symbolizes harvest. When crops ripe in autumn, fields turn entirely golden. People celebrates the good harvest happily. （滬江網(wǎng)校高分版）

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代表考題：13.12 六級(jí)中秋節(jié)

中國(guó)人自古以來(lái)就在中秋時(shí)節(jié)慶祝豐收。這與北美地區(qū)慶祝感恩節(jié)的習(xí)俗十分相似。過(guò)中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗唐代早期在中國(guó)各地開(kāi)始流行。中秋節(jié)在農(nóng)歷八月十五，是人們拜月的節(jié)日。這天夜晚皓月當(dāng)空，人們合家團(tuán)聚，共賞明月。2006年，中秋節(jié)被列為中國(guó)的文化遺產(chǎn)，2008年又被定為公共假日。月餅被視為中秋節(jié)不町或缺的美食。人們將月餅作為禮物饋贈(zèng)親友或在家庭聚會(huì)上享甩。傳統(tǒng)的月餅上帶有“壽(longevity)”、“?！被颉昂汀钡茸謽?。

Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The Mid-Autumn has become popular all over China in the Early Tang Dynasty. The Mid-Autumn Festival, celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, is a day for worshiping the moon. At that day, family members get together and enjoy the bright moon in the sky at night. In 2006, the Mid-Autumn was listed as a China cultural heritage, and in 2008 designated as a public holiday. The moon cake, an indispensable food of the Festival, is often used as a gift for relatives and friends or enjoyed in the family party. Traditional moon cakes are imprinted with Chinese characters with such meanings as “l(fā)ongevity”, “happiness” or “harmony”. （滬江網(wǎng)校版）

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代表考題：16.6 四級(jí) 烏鎮(zhèn)，17.12 四級(jí) 泰山/華山/黃山， 六級(jí)洞庭湖/太湖/青海湖

太湖是中國(guó)東部的一個(gè)淡水湖，占地面積2250平方公里，是中國(guó)第三大淡水湖，僅次于鄱陽(yáng)和洞庭，太湖約有90個(gè)島嶼，大小從幾平方米到幾平方公里不等。太湖以其獨(dú)特的“太湖石”而聞名，太湖石常用裝飾中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)園林。太湖也以高產(chǎn)的捕魚(yú)業(yè)而聞名。自從上世紀(jì)70年代后期以來(lái)，捕撈魚(yú)蟹對(duì)沿湖的居民來(lái)說(shuō)極為重要，并對(duì)周邊地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。太湖地區(qū)是中國(guó)陶瓷業(yè)基地之一。其中宜興的陶瓷廠家生產(chǎn)舉世聞名的宜興紫砂壺。

Lake Tai is a freshwater lake in the eastern part of China. With an area of 2,250 square kilometres, Lake Tai ranks the third-largest freshwater lake in China, after Lake Poyang and Lake Dongting. Lake Tai houses about 90 islands, ranging in size from a few square metres to several square kilometres. The lake is renowned for its unique ‘Taihu stones’, which are often used to decorate traditional Chinese gardens. The lake is also known for its productive fishing industry. Since the late 1970s, harvesting food products such as fish and crabs has been invaluable to people living along the lakes and has contributed significantly to the economy of the surrounding area. The lake area is one of the ceramic centres in China, where Yixing pottery factories produce the world-famous Yixing clay teapots. （滬江網(wǎng)校高分版）

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二、社會(huì)發(fā)展題材常見(jiàn)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

社會(huì)發(fā)展這塊，四六級(jí)翻譯考查范圍較廣：覆蓋了中國(guó)發(fā)展、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)社區(qū)的發(fā)展、中國(guó)城市化進(jìn)程、中國(guó)教育的發(fā)展，還涉及到教育公平、學(xué)漢語(yǔ)等話題。

為了跟中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展區(qū)分開(kāi)，姑且把除了中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)外的內(nèi)容都劃分到社會(huì)發(fā)展這塊，比如 中科院年度系列報(bào)告、中文熱詞等。

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代表考題：中國(guó)快遞，14.12 中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展

中國(guó)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)社區(qū)是全世界發(fā)展最快的，2010年，中國(guó)約有4.2億網(wǎng)民(netizen)，而且人數(shù)還在迅速增長(zhǎng)?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)的日漸流行帶來(lái)了重大的社會(huì)變化。中國(guó)網(wǎng)民往往不同于美國(guó)網(wǎng)民。美國(guó)網(wǎng)民更多的是受實(shí)際需要的驅(qū)使，用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為工具發(fā)電子郵件、買賣商品、做研究、規(guī)劃旅程或付款。中國(guó)網(wǎng)民更多是出于社交原因使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，因而更廣泛的使用論壇、博客、聊天室等。

The Chinese Internet Community experienced the fastest development. By 2010, there had been 420 million netizens in China and this number is still rising rapidly. The popularization of Internet has brought about huge changes. Generally speaking, American netizens are more often than not driven by real necessities such as sending emails, on-line trading, doing research, travel planning and on-line payment. While, Chinese netizens use Internet out of the need for social communication. Therefore, they log more generally onto web forums, blogs and chatting rooms. （滬江網(wǎng)校版）

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三、中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)題材常見(jiàn)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

之所以把中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)題材單拎出來(lái)，是因?yàn)闅v年試題中多次考到中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，六級(jí)翻譯考的尤其多。

比如2015年12月的中國(guó)政府工業(yè)升級(jí)、中國(guó)減貧、2014年12月中國(guó)計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)為市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)。跟著閣主來(lái)看下中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)?？夹形奶茁钒?！

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代表考題：14.12 六級(jí) 中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì) 15.12 六級(jí) 中國(guó)減貧，中國(guó)制造

建議大家使用以上結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)以下真題：

自從1978年啟動(dòng)改革以來(lái)，中國(guó)已從計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)為以市場(chǎng)為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)，并經(jīng)歷了經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展。年均l0％的GDP增長(zhǎng)已使五億多人脫貧。聯(lián)合國(guó)的“千年(millennium)發(fā)展目標(biāo)”在中國(guó)均已達(dá)到或即將達(dá)到。目前，中國(guó)的第十二個(gè)五年規(guī)劃強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)和解決環(huán)境及社會(huì)不平衡的問(wèn)題。政府已設(shè)定目標(biāo)減少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和醫(yī)保的機(jī)會(huì)，并擴(kuò)大社會(huì)保障。中國(guó)現(xiàn)在7％的經(jīng)濟(jì)年增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)表明政府意在重視生活質(zhì)量而不是增長(zhǎng)速度。(14.12 六級(jí))

Since the reform in 1978, China has developed from a planned economy to a market-based economy, experienced rapid economic and social development. An average of 10 percent of GDP growth has helped leading more than five hundred million people out of poverty. The United Nations “millennium development goals” have reached or are about to reach in China. At present, China's Twelfth Five-Year Plan emphasizes the development of services and solutions to environmental and social imbalances. The Government has set a target to reduce pollution, improve energy efficiency and improve access to education and health care, and extend social support network. The current 7% annual economic growth target of China demonstrates that the government attaches great importance to the quality of life rather than the growth rate.（滬江網(wǎng)校版）

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