英語四級語法核心復習知識點合集
在英語越來越普及的今天,英語四級證書的含金量也是比較高的,對考研和升職加薪還是很有幫助的。部分考生在備考的時候都是通過題型來進行備考的,這樣的情況下就很容易忽略語法的復習,今天我們就為大家整理了英語四級語法重點復習知識點合集,一起來了解一下吧。
英語詞類通常分為十大類:
1) 名詞(noun,縮寫為n.)是人和事物的名稱,如pen(鋼筆),English(英語),life(生活)。
2) 代詞(pronoun,縮寫為pron.)是用來代替名詞的詞,如we(我們),his(他的),all(全部)。
3) 形容詞(adjective,縮寫為adj.)用來修飾名詞,如great(偉大的),honest(誠實的),difficult(困難的)。
4) 數(shù)詞(numeral,縮寫為num.)是表示"多少"和"第幾"的詞,如four(四),eighteen(十八),first(第一),eighth(十八),hundred(一百)。
5) 動詞(verb,縮寫為v)表示動作和狀態(tài),如write(寫),walk(行走),think(想)。
6) 副詞(adverb,縮寫為。adv.)是修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞的詞,如quickly(快),often(經(jīng)常),very(很)。
7) 冠詞(article,縮寫為art.)說明名詞所指的人或物的詞,如a,an(一個),the(這,那)。
8) 介詞(preposition,縮寫為prep.)表示名詞(或代詞)與句子里其它詞的關(guān)系,如from(從),in(在…內(nèi)),between(在…之間)。
9) 連詞(conjunction,縮寫為conj.)是連接詞、短語、從句和句子的詞,如and(和),because(因為),if(假如)。
10) 感嘆詞(interjection,縮寫為int.)表示感情,如。oh(噢),aha(啊哈),hush(噓)。
[注一]屬于前六類(名、代、形、數(shù)、動、副等詞)的詞都有實義,叫做實詞(notional word)。屬于后四類(冠、介、連、感等詞)的詞沒有實義,叫做虛詞(form word)。
[注二]不少詞可以屬于幾個詞類,如work(工作;動詞和名詞),fast(快;形容詞和副詞),since(自從;連詞和介詞)等。
as…as結(jié)構(gòu)的幾點用法說明:
1. 基本用法
該結(jié)構(gòu)的基本意思是“與……一樣”,其中接形容詞或副詞的原級,在否定句中,第一個as也可換成so.如: He doesn't study as [so] hard as his brother. 他學習不如他弟弟努力。
2. 涉及數(shù)量或程度的用法 若涉及數(shù)量或程度,可用“as much+不可數(shù)名詞+as”和“asmany+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+as”。如: He doesn‘t pay as much tax as we do / as us. 他沒我們交的稅款多。 There are not as many restaurants as there were. 現(xiàn)在餐館沒有過去多了。
3. 有關(guān)詞序的一點說明 其間接形容詞時,有時該形容詞還可修飾另一名詞,但這個名詞應(yīng)帶有不定冠詞(注意詞序)。如: I have as good a voice as you. 我的聲音和你一樣好。
4. 該結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語 根據(jù)情況可用(not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, threetimes, 30 per cent等修飾,并且這些修飾語必須置于第一個as之前,而不能置于其后。如: This room is twice as large as that one. 這個房間是那個房間的兩個大。 You‘re not half as clever us you think you are. 你遠不是自己想像的那么聰明。 It took three times as long as I had expected. 這件事比我預料的多花了兩倍的時間。
first與at first用法區(qū)別詳解:
1、從詞性上看區(qū)別 first可用作形容詞或副詞,有時還可用作代詞;而at first作為介詞短語,只起副詞用作用(在句中用作狀語)。如: First class is the most expensive way to travel. 坐頭等艙是最貴的旅行方式。(first為形容詞,在句中用作定語) This is the first time I have heard of such things. 這是我第一次聽到這樣的事。(first為形容詞,在句中用作定語) You needn‘t read the whole book hut you must readthe first four chapters.你們不必把整本書全讀完,但必須讀完前四章。(first為形容詞,在句中用作定語) I asked them to ring first in case we were out. 我請他們先打電話來,以防我們不在家。(first為副詞,在句中用作狀語) She‘s always the first to arrive and the last to leave. 她總是第一個來,最后一個離開。(first為代詞,可視為其后省略了one, person等之類的詞) His second suggestion was not much better than his first. 他的第二個建議比第一個好不了多少。(first為代詞,可視為其后省略了suggestion) At first we used hand tools. Later we had machines. 開始我們用手工工具,后來我們有了機器。(at first在此用作狀語)
2、從用法上看區(qū)別
1) .first的用法 first 用來說明順序,意為“先……”,暗示接下去還有其他動作或事件要發(fā)生,因此其后往往接有(或暗示有)then,next,last 等詞。如: Think first, then act. 先想清楚再行動。 I‘ll have to finish my homework first. 我得先把作業(yè)做完。 First(you)boil some water. Then(you)warm the teapot. Then(you)add three teaspoons oftea. Next,(you)pour on boiling water… 你先燒些開水,然后把茶壺燙熱,接著放三勺茶葉,隨后沖入開水…… John came home from work. First he read the paper for a while, then he got up from the chairand turned on the radio. 約翰下班回家,先看一會兒報,然后從椅子上站起來,打開收音機。
2) . at first 的用法 at first 的意思是“起初”“開始”,它主要用于強調(diào)前后對照,暗示接下去的動作與前面的動作不同甚至相反,因此常有 but,afterwards,soon,at last等相呼應(yīng)。如: At first I didn‘t want to go, but I soon changed my mind. 我開始不想去,但我很快就改變了主意。 The work was hard at first, but I got used to it. 起初這活兒很累,不過后來我習慣了。 At first they were very happy, but then things started going wrong. 起初他們生活得很幸福,但后來就開始出問題了。 At first I paid little attention, but slowly my interest awoke. 起初我沒怎么注意,但逐漸產(chǎn)生了興趣。
3、其他幾點區(qū)別
1) . at first 除以上用法外,其他場合一般不用它;而first除表示“先……(然后……)”外,還可表示“最先”“第一次”“首先”等。如: Ladies first. 女士優(yōu)先。 That‘s mine—I saw it first. 那是我的,是我先看見的。 When did you first meet him? 你第一次見他是什么時候?
2) . 有時at first并非固定搭配(first后還修飾有其他詞語)。如: She was so nice a girl that he fell in love with her at first sight. 她是這樣好的一個姑娘,使他一見鐘情。 She could tell at first glance to which class a man belonged. 她一眼就能看出一個人屬于哪個階級。
3) . at first與at last不是一對反義詞組,后者的意思是“終于”“最終”。如: At last the truth became known. 最后真相大白了。 She has at last got everything ready. 她最后把一切準備好了。 At last the bus came. I had been waiting for half an hour. 最后公共汽車來了,我已等了半小時。
angry的介詞搭配特點:
1. 表示“對某人生氣”,一般用介詞 with(有時也用 at) The teacher got angry with [at] me. 老師對我生氣了。 有的詞書認為:用with表示心中感到生氣,而用at則表示怒氣流露于外表,但總的說來此時還是用with的場合較多。
2. 表示“對某事生氣”,一般用介詞 at(about) He was rather angry at what you said. 他對你說的話相當生氣。 I was angry about missing the film. 沒看上那部電影我很氣惱。 He was angry at being kept waiting. 他因久等而生氣。 有的詞書認為:at 之后接某人之言行,about 之后接某事,但這種區(qū)別并不十分嚴格,兩者常可換用。
3. 表示生氣的原因,一般用介詞for He was angry with me for not having done anything. 因為我什么也沒做,他對我很生氣。 注:be angry 之后除搭配介詞外,還可接不定式或從句: He‘ll be angry to find that nothing has been done. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)什么都沒做,他會生氣的。 He was angry that the door was locked. 門鎖上了,他很生氣。
形容詞able的用法說明:
1. 表示“有能力的”、“能干的”,可用作表語或定語。如: He is an able manager. 他是位有能力的經(jīng)理。 He is old but still able. 他雖年老,但仍有很能干。
2. 用于 be able to do sth(能或會做做某事)。如: He is able to speak English. 他會說英語。 Everyone here is able to type. 這兒的每一個人都會打字。 He will be able to get about in a week or two. 再過一兩個星期左右他就能走動了。 He studied hard and was able to pass his examinations. 他學習很努力,所以考試及了格。
注:be able to 不僅有多種時態(tài)形式(通常不用于進行時或與 be going to 連用),而且還可以與某些情態(tài)動詞連用(通常不與 can 連用),甚至還可以有非謂語形式。如: Since his accident he hasn't been able to leave the house. 自出事之后,他一直未能離開家。 You might be able to persuade him. 你也許能夠說服他。 I hope to be able to do the work. 我希望能干得了這項工作。 I regret not being able to help her. 我很遺憾未能幫助她。
3. able 的比較級和最高級通常是abler和ablest,也可以是more able和most able,有時還可用 betterable和best able.如: You are better able to do it than I (am). 你比我更有能力做這件事。 She's the person best able to cope. 她是個最能妥善處理問題的人。
4. 若要加強語氣,其前除可very,quite,perfectly等修飾外,有時還可用well修飾。如: He is quite [well] able to take care of himself. 他完全有能力照顧自己。 He's a very able student; he's just too lazy. 他是個很有能力的學生,只是太懶了。 若受just,only just修飾,則表示“只能”“僅能”。如: I was just able to make out a dark figure in the distance. 我只能看見遠處有個黑影。
5. able的反義詞是unable(不能的,不會的),不是disable,后者是動詞,其意為“使殘廢”“使無能力”。比較: They were unable to reach a decision. 他們沒法做出決定。
Now that he was disabled, his house had become a prison to him. 因為他殘廢了,他的房子就成了他的牢籠。
以上就是為大家整理的英語四級語法重點復習知識點合集,語法也是學習英語過程中必不可少的,但是很多人往往忽略了這一部分,如果想要順利的通過四級考試,語法知識還是需要提高的,希望本篇文章的介紹可以幫助到大家。
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