四級(jí)考試臨近，為了幫助廣大考生過級(jí)，特開辟新欄目，每天一篇翻譯練習(xí)（選取最有可能考的翻譯題材、段落），供大家日常練習(xí)用。

聲明：押題只是練習(xí)翻譯手感，積累話題詞匯，練習(xí)?？季涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)，切勿迷信。

中國(guó)飲食文化

01

在中國(guó)的南方和北方，飲食差異很大，也就是說，北方廚師（chef）所烹飪的菜肴口味更重，而在南方的食譜（recipe）中，菜肴的味道相對(duì)清淡。

有時(shí)我們說南方菜肴的美味在于它的甜度和新鮮。在中國(guó)的一些省份，如寧夏、河北、四川、陜西和云南，餐食多為辣味，這是由于濕冷的天氣和高海拔（high altitude）所導(dǎo)致的。

人們認(rèn)為出汗是預(yù)防濕冷氣候?qū)е碌募膊〉囊粋€(gè)好方法。

參考譯文：?

There is a big difference about the diets between Northern and Southern China, that is, the dishes made by Northern chefs are in heavier taste and those arecomparably light in Southern chefs' recipes.?

Sometimes, we say it is tasty as sweet and fresh in Southern dishes. In some provinces of China like Ningxia, Hebei, Sichuan, Shaanxi and Yunnan, the diets are made hot and spicy because of the humid cold weather and high altitude.?

People believe that to sweat is a good method for preventing diseases caused by humidity and cold.

難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥：

1.“飲食差異很大”可譯為There is a big difference about the diets;“也就是說”可譯為that is;“口味更重”可譯為in heavier taste;“相對(duì)清淡”可譯為comparably light。

2.“美味在于它的甜度和新鮮”可譯為it is taste as sweet and fresh。

3.“餐食多為辣味”可譯為the diets are made hot and spicy。

4.“預(yù)防濕冷氣候?qū)е碌募膊〉囊粋€(gè)好方法”可譯為a good method for preventing diseases caused by humidity and cold。

?

中國(guó)飲食文化

02

中國(guó)飲食文化（dining）可以追溯到幾千年前。從秦朝開始，典型的飯菜結(jié)構(gòu)就是以米飯為主，輔以少量肉類和蔬菜。

幾千年的創(chuàng)意積累和廣泛的地方菜肴交流不僅帶來了各種美食，也豐富了烹飪手段和食材選擇，其中有令外國(guó)人目瞪口呆的狗肉、豬血甚至昆蟲。

現(xiàn)代中國(guó)美食享譽(yù)世界，筷子和餃子是外國(guó)人熟悉的中國(guó)飲食文化的象征，一些其他的節(jié)日特色食品，例如月餅，也逐漸為人所知。

參考譯文：

The Chinese dining culture can be traced back millenniums. Ever since the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, a typical meal has been composed mainly of rice, supplemented by small amounts of meat and some vegetables.?

Over the thousands of years, the accumulated creative ideas and extensive exchanges of regional diets have not only given rise to various kinds of delicious foods, but also enriched the culinary arts and increased food choices—including dog meat, pig blood and even insects, which stunned some foreigners.?

Contemporary Chinese cuisines are globally-renowned; chopsticks and jiaozi, which are familiar to foreigners, have become symbols of Chinese dining culture, and some special festival-related foods such as the mooncake are gradually becoming known.

難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥：

1.“可以追溯到幾千年前”還有其他表達(dá)方法，如date back thousands of years，can be traced back to millennia ago。

2.“結(jié)構(gòu)以……為主”可以譯成be composed mainly of或者deal mainly with。在compose of，deal with與副詞連用時(shí)，有些考生往往將副詞放在整個(gè)詞組之外，如be mainly composed of，mainly deal with，其實(shí)將副詞插入詞組中間更地道。

3.“輔以少量肉食和菜蔬”可以作為后置定語(yǔ)成分，譯成supplemented by small amounts of meat and some vegetables。

4.在翻譯“不僅……也/而且……”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，一定要注意結(jié)構(gòu)平衡。此處此處如果譯成not only have given rise to various kinds of delicious foods，but also enriched…，其結(jié)構(gòu)就不對(duì)稱了。

5.“令外國(guó)人目瞪口呆的”這個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)比較復(fù)雜，故將其處理成后置定語(yǔ)，可以譯成make foreigners surprised/stunned，但譯成stun foreigners則更簡(jiǎn)明。

6.表達(dá)“象征”時(shí)，考生可能會(huì)想到三個(gè)近義詞：sign，signal，symbol，但往往分不清他們的區(qū)別。sign表示“記號(hào)，標(biāo)記，征兆”，用法最廣，常指符號(hào)，例如the ?mathematical signs（數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)）。signal表示“信號(hào)”，常指用于傳達(dá)某些信息的信號(hào)，也指燈光、聲音或信號(hào)標(biāo)志，例如the traffic signals“交通信號(hào)”。symbol表示“象征，符號(hào)”，指被人們選出的物體或圖案，用來代表另一事物，并作為該事物的標(biāo)記或象征，例如A Benz car is a symbol of wealth（奔馳車是財(cái)富的象征）。綜上，此處應(yīng)選用symbol。

7.在翻譯“一些其他的節(jié)日特色食品，例如月餅”時(shí)，有的考生可能會(huì)將定語(yǔ)后置，譯成some other foods that are characteristic of some special festivals such as the mooncake，但這種譯法后置定語(yǔ)過長(zhǎng)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致the mooncake距離foods太遠(yuǎn)，不便于讀者理解。一般說來，在修飾語(yǔ)數(shù)量不多的時(shí)候，建議優(yōu)先考慮前置定語(yǔ)。

8.漢語(yǔ)具有一定的模糊性，對(duì)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，不同讀者有時(shí)會(huì)有不同的解讀。原中文中的“也逐漸為人所知”可能是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，也可能是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，翻譯時(shí)除了可使用以上參考譯文中的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)are gradually becoming known，也可以使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have gradually become known。

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