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Some people strongly oppose animal experimentation, believing that it causes pain to animals, while some other people consider it necessary. What is your opinion?

　　概述：主要針對(duì)動(dòng)物的生存和人類與動(dòng)物的關(guān)系問題。動(dòng)物一直被人類用作各種用途(for practical purposes),包括娛樂(馬戲團(tuán))、消遣(寵物)、 食用(家禽和家畜)、調(diào)查和研究(實(shí)驗(yàn)室動(dòng)物)、商用(毛皮和藥材)，諸如此類。動(dòng)物保護(hù)是現(xiàn)在 常被討論的話題。

　　保護(hù)動(dòng)物主要有以下一些意義：

　　? 維護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)(maintain natural ecosystems),保持生態(tài)平衡，確?？沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展(consistent with the principle of sustainable development);

　　? 人類可以從動(dòng)物身上獲得靈感(draw on animal-based research for inspiration);

　　? 人類可以探知物種的起源(the origin of life),進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究(scientific research);

　　? 動(dòng)物有生存的權(quán)利(animal rights),應(yīng)該維護(hù)動(dòng)物的權(quán)益(animal welfare)

　　解析：

　　支持把動(dòng)物作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象的觀點(diǎn)：

　　? 動(dòng)物不能夠進(jìn)行道德的判斷，也不會(huì)尊重其他動(dòng)物的權(quán)利(recognize the rights of other species),沒有能力做道德上的選擇(have no capacity to make moral choices),因此動(dòng)物比人類 低等，不能夠等同于人類;

　　? 人類目前找不到替代動(dòng)物的實(shí)驗(yàn)品(replacements);

　　? 動(dòng)物的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)不如人類發(fā)達(dá)，痛楚已經(jīng)最小化(minimize pain),而如果在人體上做實(shí)驗(yàn)是 不人道的 (Vivisection practiced on human beings is inhumane.);動(dòng)物和人相似 (bear a resemblance to humans)，對(duì)外部的影響和人類反應(yīng)類似(respond similarly to external disturbances)，因此最適宜做人類的替代品;

　　? 人類的利益應(yīng)該建立在動(dòng)物利益之上(human interests should be placed above animal welfare), 利用動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)有助于科技的發(fā)展。

　　反對(duì)把動(dòng)物作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象的觀點(diǎn)：

　　? 動(dòng)物的生存權(quán)(the right to life )需要被保護(hù)，禁止虐待行為(the prohibition of torture);

　　? 很多時(shí)候，動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的只是為了一些商業(yè)用途(industrial products),這是不道德的;

　　? 動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果和信息是不可靠的，具有誤導(dǎo)性〔unreliable and misleading)，畢竟人類和動(dòng)物有很大的不同(many differences between humans and animals)

　　范文

　　Perhaps no subject in the moral community is as controversial as animal testing. Animals, many people believe, merit more humane treatment. When animal-based experiments have long been the centre of criticism, I am of the opinion that such experiments are essential to both the well-being of human beings and that of animals.

　　There is little doubt, first of all, that most of the animal-based experiments are conducted for the development of technology and to date, there is little chance of finding satisfying substitutions for animals, Animals are used mainly because they bear a close resemblance to humans, either in behaviour or in cell structure. They respond to external disturbances (such as electrical shock) nearly in the same manner as humans do. There is much evidence that most of what people know about themselves, including pain, stress, reproduction and nutrition, is based on findings of animal-based experiments. Animal testing proves one of the main approaches to predict the risk when drugs or other products are used on humans.

　　Another fact to support animal-based experiment is that animals are not the equivalent of humans, and can be used as resources for human purposes. Animals have no capacity to recognize the rights of other species. Nor will they take in consideration the interests of other species. It is possibly one of the main reasons why animals feed on each other. Humans, by comparison, use animal experimentations not only for their own interests but also for the interests of animals. For example, some medical discoveries can be used by veterinary surgeons to give medical care and treatment to sick animals.

　　Despite the justifications given for vivisection, researchers have the obligation to reduce animal testing and animal suffering. There is a growing recognition that animal tests are mostly done for commercial purposes and most of them are avoidable. For instance, the cosmetic industry has been exploiting animal experimentation simply for diversifying products and maximizing profits. The fewer cosmetic products people use, the fewer animals they have to slaughter. When scientists are empowered to carry out cruel experiments like vivisection, such powers should not be abused.

　　To summarize, one can subscribe to the notion that animals can be taken as resources intended for the benefit of humans, although meanwhile it is certain that suffering should be controlled to the minimum during experimentation.

　　近義詞表

　　1. merit=deserve:值得

　　2. substitution=replacement:替代品

　　3. resemblance=sameness=similarity:相似

　　4. equivalent=counterpart;匹配的人或者物

　　5. capacity=ability-capability=competence=aptitude=power: 能力

　　6. feed on=eat=survive on:以…為食

　　7. slaughter=kill=massacre=slay=butcher:屠殺，屠宰

以上就是今天為大家分享的專四寫作預(yù)測啦。希望各位小伙伴認(rèn)真?zhèn)淇?，早日通過考試！
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