英語寫作分為兩部分,根據(jù)考研英語大綱描述,第一部分寫作為應(yīng)用文寫作,分值為10分,以考查考生對英語的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力為目的,考查的范圍包括私人和公務(wù)信函、備忘錄、報(bào)告等,但根據(jù)歷年經(jīng)驗(yàn),應(yīng)用文部分只考察過書信和通知,因此同學(xué)們只要掌握書信和通知的寫法即可。第二部分寫作為大作文,分值為15分,以考查考生的邏輯思維能力和辨析能力為主,英語一考查的是圖畫作文,英語二考查的是圖表作文。該怎么寫大家心里有數(shù)嗎?

  首先我們來看一下作文的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),只有清楚了解了評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),大家才能做到有的放矢,在符合大綱要求的基礎(chǔ)上錦上添花,拿到作文高分。根據(jù)考研英語大綱要求,同學(xué)們要做到以下四點(diǎn):1.語言要準(zhǔn)確,能夠正確地使用語法、書寫詞匯及標(biāo)點(diǎn);2.內(nèi)容要連貫,文章結(jié)構(gòu)要通順合理;3.文體格式符合題目要求;4.語域恰當(dāng),寫作目的明確。

  了解了大綱對于寫作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基本要求后,我們接下來具體講一下如何在寫作中做到這四點(diǎn)。

  關(guān)于第一點(diǎn),考綱明確提出關(guān)于詞匯、語法及標(biāo)點(diǎn)的要求,所以同學(xué)們在準(zhǔn)備考研英語的階段要打好基礎(chǔ),就詞匯來說,大家在記憶單詞的時(shí)候不僅要默背,還要在紙上寫出來,然后進(jìn)行認(rèn)真核對;對于語法,大家最好進(jìn)行比較系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí),很多同學(xué)可能觀點(diǎn)很好,思路也很清晰,卻栽在了語法上,導(dǎo)致整篇文章錯(cuò)誤百出,給閱卷老師留下不好的印象;關(guān)于標(biāo)點(diǎn),同學(xué)們要擺脫中文標(biāo)點(diǎn)對英文寫作中的負(fù)遷移,例如在表示省略時(shí),同學(xué)很容易將“...”寫成“......”或“... ...”,或者在表示并列成分時(shí)使用頓號,大家要知道在英文中是沒有頓號的,因此同學(xué)們在閱讀英語文章的時(shí)候不僅要注意文章的思想,還要注意學(xué)習(xí)正確的標(biāo)點(diǎn)使用方法。

  關(guān)于第二點(diǎn),內(nèi)容統(tǒng)一連貫,即內(nèi)容要有過渡銜接,前后保持一致,不能上一段還在寫如何維護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)秩序,下一段就跳到了環(huán)境保護(hù)問題,因此建議大家在平時(shí)可以多閱讀文筆好的考研試題作文,學(xué)習(xí)別人是如何將文章進(jìn)行邏輯整合的。

  關(guān)于第三點(diǎn),格式的要求,考研寫作中要求采用縮進(jìn)式,即段間不空行,每段首行縮進(jìn)四個(gè)字母。因此大家在練習(xí)寫作中也要注意正確的書寫格式,養(yǎng)成良好的寫作習(xí)慣。

  關(guān)于最后一點(diǎn),語域即是使用語言的場合,要跟題干要求判斷語言的親疏程度。

  一定會用到的短語/句子

  1. 結(jié)果類

  exert A on B

  A-a great impact/ a positive influence/ a negative impact

  Eg: Family education may exert a great impact on children’s behavior.

  對于結(jié)果類的句子大家都習(xí)慣用“have a great impact/a positive influence on”很少用“exert a great impact/ a positive influence/ a negative impact on”,如果大家以后關(guān)于結(jié)果類的句型都用“exert”這個(gè)單詞,是不是給自己的作文加分了呢?

  2. 見證類

  The past several years have witnessed .......

  Eg: The past several years have witnessed an exponential increase in the number of cars.

  在寫作文的時(shí)候我們經(jīng)常會用到一些背景句,我們在寫這一類句子的時(shí)候往往會用人作主語,而更為地道的英語,往往都是用時(shí)間作主語,我們也會在期刊經(jīng)??吹筋愃频谋磉_(dá): The past several years have witnessed an exponential increase in the number of parents who wish to send their kids to art classes.

  3. 重要類

  Nothing is more important than...

  Sth plays quite an important role in...

  Eg: Nothing is more important than to protect the environment.

  Math,to some extent, plays quite an important role in students’ examination.

  4.引出類

  There is much controversy over the issue of...

  Sth has given rise to a heated discussion.

  Sth has caused quite a stir among the general public.

  As regards sth, there has been a heated discussion among the general public.

  Opinions vary greatly when it comes to sth.

  其次,英語作文要注意銜接詞的添加,弄清兩個(gè)句子之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系。中國人寫文章比較含蓄,注重意境與內(nèi)隱,如:“我沒去上學(xué),我感冒了?!?/p>

  而外國人注重簡明易懂。如:“I did not go to school because I got the cold.”所以,我們受母語影響,會忘記銜接詞的使用。在這里老師給大家總結(jié)一下鏈接詞的使用方法:

  1. 一般情況下,兩個(gè)句子之間,只要不存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,沒事就使用“and”。

  Eg: I have two kids, and both of them are very clever and cute .

  2. 表示原因的句子,要用“because/ because of/ in that/due to/ for/ since等。

  Eg: I did not go to school because I got the cold.

  3. 表示遞進(jìn)的句子,要用“furthermore/ what’s more/ moreover等。

  Eg: To begin with, it goes without saying that science and technology has exerted a positive impact on the progress of civilization in the courses of our history. Furthermore/What’s more/Moreover, science and technology allows us to broaden one’s horizon....

  4. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折的句子,要用“but/however/yet/nevertheless/ by contrast/while等。

  Eg: Some people maintain that praise should be given to the wealth because they contribute to charity business. While others take it for granted that......

  然后,單詞的多樣性,難度。

  1. 單詞的多樣性

  在作文中要多用同義轉(zhuǎn)換,這樣會讓閱卷老師覺得你的詞匯量很大很豐富。

  Eg:people in growing numbers take it granted that taking exercise everyday is beneficial to our body, nevertheless, others maintain that work out, to some extent, might exert a negative influence on ours.

  這里的 “taking exercise” 和“work out”為同義轉(zhuǎn)換都是鍛煉的意思。

  2. 短語替代單詞

  Make a decision 替代decide

  3. 單詞的難度

  同樣是表達(dá)做某事很重要,有低級的表達(dá)也有高級的表達(dá),所以大家要用些高級詞匯替代低級詞匯。

  低級版:it is important that....

  高級版:it is vital/ of great importance/ significant that...

  最后,句子的多樣性和長度。

  1. 句子的長度,定語從句,名詞性從句,狀語從句,并列詞拉長句子

  低級版:some people believe that the wealth have become rich can not leave the others in the society. They should contribute to the society.

  高級版:Those people who hold the first opinion believe the wealth can not get rich without others in the society and they should feedback the society.

  這里用一個(gè)定語從句修飾people,用并列連詞不僅拉長了句子而且豐富了句子的多樣性,contribute to 和 feedback 為單詞的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。

  2. 功能句的應(yīng)用和主動變被動

  低級版: About these two ideas, I agree the latter one. For one thing, the wealth get their money because they work honestly and legally.

  高級版:weighing up these two arguments, I am inclined to the latter one.For one thing,the wealth’s money is gotten by their honest and legal business.

  背景為綠色的為功能句的使用,紅色陰影的為主動變被動。

  3. 虛擬語氣倒裝句的使用等

  It is high time that we are supposed to...

  Only in this way can we ....

  在考研英語中,除去閱讀,寫作所占分值最高,因此同學(xué)們要重視寫作。寫作部分所占分值共計(jì)25分,因此寫出令考官滿意的文章也是獲得高分的重要途徑。上面這些內(nèi)容不知道對大家是不是有些幫助,滬江網(wǎng)校的課程已經(jīng)為大家準(zhǔn)備好了,來看看吧。